Antibody Response to Successive Booster Doses of Tetanus Toxoid in Adults

Trinca, John C.

doi:10.1128/iai.10.1.1-5.1974

Cited by 11 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 18 publications

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“…Local reactions elicited by the conjugates were typical of Arthus-type reactivity and are a common complication of immunization with TT in recently immunized adults (36,38,53). TT vaccines contain about 25 to 60 jig of protein.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative and qualitative analyses of serum antibodies elicited in adults by Haemophilus influenzae type b and pneumococcus type 6A capsular polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugates

Schneerson¹,

Robbins²,

Parke³

et al. 1986

Infect Immun

151

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Covalent binding to immunogenic proteins increases the immunogenicity of the capsular polysaccharides of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and pneumococcus type 6A (Pn6A). Conjugates composed of Hib, Pn6A, or the cross-reacting Escherichia coli K100 covalently bound to tetanus toxoid (TT) were injected into young adult volunteers. Local reactions were common and were probably due to Arthus reactivity mediated by the preexisiting antibodies reacting with the TT component of the conjugates. Fever occurred in about 10% of the volunteers after the first injection; no volunteers had fever after the second injection. Similar levels of Hib or Pn6A antibodies were elicited by either 50or 100-,Ig doses or by concurrent injection of two different conjugates (Hib-TT and Pn6A-TT or Hib-TT and K100-TT). The Hib-TT elicited about a 180-fold increase in Hib antibodies, and the Pn6A-TT conjugate elicited about an 8-fold increase in Pn6A antibodies after one injection. Booster reactions were not elicited in adults; similar levels of antibodies in the five experimental groups suggested that the responses elicited by the conjugates were maximal. A one-way cross-reaction was noted as Pn6A conjugates elicited rises of Hib antibodies in 13 of 20 volunteers; only 4 of 59 volunteers immunized with Hib-TT had increases in Pn6A antibodies. The preimmunization Hib antibodies were composed of immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgA, and IgG. The postimmunization sera showed an increase in all three isotypes; the elevation of the IgG was the highest of the three isotypes. Conjugate-induced antibodies to both the polysaccharide and TT exerted biological activities that have been correlated with immunity. Adsorption of the Hib-TT onto aluminium hydroxide resulted in higher levels and an earlier Hib antibody response in infant rhesus. These results encourage the evaluation of Hib and Pn6A conjugates in human children and infants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative and qualitative analyses of serum antibodies elicited in adults by Haemophilus influenzae type b and pneumococcus type 6A capsular polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugates

Schneerson¹,

Robbins²,

Parke³

et al. 1986

Infect Immun

151

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Primary Immunization With Tetanus and Diphtheria Toxoids

Myers¹

1982

JAMA

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Should adult tetanus immunization be given as a single vaccination at age 65?

Balestra

Littenberg²

1993

J Gen Intern Med

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The current policy of recommending tetanus booster vaccinations every ten years is effective but much more costly than a more easily implemented policy that also provides considerable protection against tetanus. The authors recommend forsaking decennial boosters in favor of a policy of including a single booster at age 65 along with other recommended health maintenance maneuvers reserved for that age.

show abstract

Antibody Response to Successive Booster Doses of Tetanus Toxoid in Adults

Cited by 11 publications

References 18 publications

Quantitative and qualitative analyses of serum antibodies elicited in adults by Haemophilus influenzae type b and pneumococcus type 6A capsular polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugates

Quantitative and qualitative analyses of serum antibodies elicited in adults by Haemophilus influenzae type b and pneumococcus type 6A capsular polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugates

Primary Immunization With Tetanus and Diphtheria Toxoids

Should adult tetanus immunization be given as a single vaccination at age 65?

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