Antibody Response to SARS-CoV-2 in HIV Patients Co-Infected with COVID-19

Rumpa, Saha; Alpana, Raizada; Dewan, Pooja; Kirti, Nirmal; Saini, Vikas; Maroof, Khan Amir; Singh, Mogha Narender; Jain, Shailesh; Gomber, Sunil; Pal, Singh Narender

doi:10.23937/2469-567x/1510079

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…SARS-CoV-2 envelops contain the spike protein (SP) on its surface, which is highly immunogenic and is a primary target for neutralizing antibodies. 30 Serology testing for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies has been recognized as a useful tool for diagnosing both previous and active infection in both symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. 31 Madhi et al study conducted on safety and immunogenicity of NVX-CoV2373 vaccine in South Africa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety and Efficacy of COVID-19 Vaccine in Africa: Systematic Review

Mengstu,

Beyene Berha

2023

IDR

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Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic scared the whole world at the end of 2019, which is a communicable respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). In South Africa and other African countries, the COVID-19 vaccines were subsequently approved for emergency use by the respective national regulatory authorities. There is a paucity of aggregated data that revealed the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in Africa. Objective The aim of this systematic review was to synthesize the literature on the safety and efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccine which was given in Africa. Methods A systematic search was conducted on Science Direct, PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and direct Google searches. Only studies written in English and published articles from 2019 to October 30, 2022, which comprise nine randomized clinical trials (RCT), and four different studies including a single-arm implementation trials, prospective study, retrospective cohort study, and test-negative designs were included. Results A total of 13 studies were included which contain 810,466 participants from Africa. Of these, 62.18% of the participants were female. The efficacy of COVID-19 vaccine in Africa ranges from 41.7% to 100%. Moreover, vaccine efficacy against COVID-19 variants ranges from −5.7% to 100%. In general, systemic and local adverse events following vaccination in most trials were reported with a similar pattern between the placebo and vaccine groups. Out of the total reported adverse events, most of them were mild to moderate, whereas a few were serious. Conclusion Almost all current COVID‐19 vaccines appear to be safe for African study participants. Regarding efficacy, the protein subunit vaccine and mRNA vaccine exhibited high efficacy (100%) in this group of participants. However, Ad26. COV2.S and ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 COVID-19 vaccines are not effective against the delta variant and B.1.351 variant, respectively.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety and Efficacy of COVID-19 Vaccine in Africa: Systematic Review

Mengstu,

Beyene Berha

2023

IDR

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“…6 HIV attacks and destroys the immune system, delays the response of specific antibodies, and even causes failure to thrive, resulting in a long course of the disease. 7 This study aimed to report two case illustrations of HIV patients coinfected with SARS-CoV-2, which aims to discuss viral clearance of SARS-CoV-2 in newly diagnosed HIV patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…building and maintaining herd immunity through effective vaccination strategies. The study by Rumpa et al showed of 30 HIV patients with COVID-19, 16 patients were found to have IgG antibodies on the 20th day after infection, 4 patients on the 35th day, 2 patients on the 50th day, 1 patient on the 65th day after infection, and 7 patients had no detectable specific SARS-CoV-2 antibodies 7. The second patient had quite high IL-6 levels.…”

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confidence: 97%

Delayed SARS-COV-2 Viral Clearance in a Newly Diagnosed HIV Patient: A Case Series

Firdaus,

Oea Khairsyaf,

Dewi Wahyu

et al. 2023

Bioscmed

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Background: SARS-CoV-2 can infect anyone, but people with HIV have underlying conditions or comorbidities that can make them seriously ill if infected with SARS-CoV-2. HIV attacks and destroys the immune system delays the response of specific antibodies, and even causes failure to thrive, resulting in a long course of the disease. This case report aimed to describe 2 cases of HIV patients co-infected with SARS-CoV-2 with delayed viral clearance. Case presentation: There are two HIV patients with co-infection with SARS-CoV-2. The first patient, a 32-year-old man with COVID-19 and HIV-AIDS, was referred from a regional hospital after being treated for 10 days due to clinical deterioration. Physical examination showed that the patient's general condition was moderately ill, and other vital signs were within normal limits. Oral candidiasis was seen in the patient's mouth, crackles were found in both lung fields, and epigastric tenderness was found on abdominal examination. The patient tested positive for COVID-19 based on the results of an antigen swab examination from the previous hospital. The second patient, a 26-year-old man, came with complaints of intermittent fever 1 week before entering the hospital. Complaints began with the body feeling weak and coughing without phlegm 2 weeks ago. The patient tested positive for COVID-19 based on the results of an antigen swab examination. The delayed viral clearance of SARS-CoV-2 in the two patients was possibly caused by the impaired immune response due to HIV infection, as shown by the presence of lymphopenia and decreased CD4+. Conclusion: ARV use can suppress HIV viral load and increase immunity so that can help viral clearance of SARS-CoV-2.

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Antibody Response to SARS-CoV-2 in HIV Patients Co-Infected with COVID-19

Cited by 2 publications

References 31 publications

Safety and Efficacy of COVID-19 Vaccine in Africa: Systematic Review

Safety and Efficacy of COVID-19 Vaccine in Africa: Systematic Review

Delayed SARS-COV-2 Viral Clearance in a Newly Diagnosed HIV Patient: A Case Series

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