Antibody Response to One and Two Doses of Influenza Virus Subunit Vaccine

Homologous and heterologous antibody responses to subunit influenza virus vaccine

“…The results of this study confirm previous reports that substantial homologous antibody responses follow one dose of subunit vaccine in adults (Feery et al 1976(Feery et al , 1977. The study also demonstrates the fact that substantial increases in titre occur to each of the vaccine components at the dosage used in this trial.…”

“…The study also demonstrates the fact that substantial increases in titre occur to each of the vaccine components at the dosage used in this trial. The response to the influenza B component of the vaccine was lower than the response to the influenza A components as in previous studies (Feery et al 1976(Feery et al , 1977, but 23 of 32 achieved a titre > 40. In a protection study in Australia in 1970, Gill et al (1971) found little or no vaccine-induced protection against influenza B infection, but the results of this study suggest that protective antibody titres have been induced in this group (Hobson et al 1972).…”

Influenza in temperate and tropical Asia: a review of epidemiology and vaccinology

“…Overall, these studies found some evidence that the booster was able to 'catch-up' non-responders to the first vaccine administered, but offered limited increases in GMT or the proportion of subjects that were seroprotected. [56][57][58][59][60][61] A systematic review in relatively immunocompromised individuals (dialysis and renal transplant) identified no significant improvement in GMTs with a booster vaccination. 62 On the other hand, the TRANSGRIPE 1-2 studies conducted in~500 solid-organ transplant recipients over the 2011-2012 northern hemisphere winter reported significant improvements in the seroprotection rate at 10 weeks for all three influenza subtypes/types in participants who received a booster vaccine.…”

Prevention and Control of Influenza; Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)

“…Two doses are not required at that time. Among adults, studies have indicated limited or no improvement in antibody response when a second dose is administered during the same season (168)(169)(170). Even when the current influenza vaccine contains one or more antigens administered in previous years, annual vaccination with the current vaccine is necessary because immunity declines during the year after vaccination (171,172).…”