Antibody response to COVID-19 vaccination in patients with lymphoma

Abstract

Patients with lymphoma are at increased risk for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); therefore, evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination efficacy is essential. We conducted a prospective observational study to monitor the antibody response in 500 patients with lymphoma after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Antibody levels increased in a stepwise manner after the first and second dose of the vaccine. After completion of the two-dose series, anti-S antibody was negative in 109 patients (21.8%), and below clinically protective levels (anti-S ≥ 264 U/mL) in 236 patients (47.2%). The median anti-S titers at 0–6 months, 7–12 months, 13–24 months, and 24 months after treatment completion were 0.4 U/mL, 3.8 U/mL, 270 U/mL, and 650 U/mL, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that receiving the vaccine < 6 months since completing treatment, white blood cell count < 5050/μL, percentage of CD19 + cells < 10%, CD4 + cells < 27%, immunoglobulin (Ig) A < 195 mg/dL, IgM < 50 mg/dL, serum soluble interleukin 2 receptor > 600 U/mL, and presence of lymphoma cells in the peripheral blood were significantly correlated with anti-S < 264 U/mL. Lymphoma patients had variably impaired antibody response to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. We identified various factors to predict COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness in lymphoma patients that may help tailoring possible vaccine boosters. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12185-022-03305-z.

Antibody status following booster vaccination against SARS‐CoV‐2 virus in patients with haematologic malignancies

“…Most of them were enrolled in our previous cohort investigating humoral response following the initial vaccination series and were compared to HCs. 6 , 7 The dataset was closed on 20 August 2022.…”

Immunogenicity and risks associated with impaired immune responses following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and booster in hematologic malignancy patients: an updated meta-analysis

“…Pooled seroconversion rates of hematologic malignancy patients with treatment and those without treatment were calculated from studies with disaggregated data on treatment. 95,109,121,134,137,154,168], subgroup analysis showed significantly lower seroconversion rates in patients receiving allogeneic HSCT (76.7%; 95% CI, 71.6-81.1%, I 2 = 58%) compared to those receiving autologous HSCT (86.3%; 95% CI, 80.5-90.6%, I 2 = 43%), (P = 0.011).…”

Impact of Treatment with Anti-CD20 Monoclonal Antibody on the Production of Neutralizing Antibody Against Anti–SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Mature B-Cell Neoplasms

“…In addition, we found that no other factors examined, including patient age and blood cell counts, were associated with seropositivity in our cohort, whereas previous studies suggested the relationship between white blood cell count; lymphocyte counts, including CD4-positive T cells and CD19-positive B cells; and the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccine in patients with lymphoma. 10 , 12 , 15 One of the conceivable reasons for these discrepancies might be the difference in the patient population analyzed, as the study by Narita included not only BCLs but also T-cell lymphomas and Hodgkin lymphoma, whereas the study by Perry included patients who were subjected to watch and wait without receiving anti-CD20 MoAb treatment. Tanguay et al pointed out that a peripheral B-cell count of <50/µL was a risk factor for poor antibody production after the COVID-19 vaccine, although this finding was not always related to prior anti-CD20 MoAb treatment.…”