Antibody Response to Canine Adenovirus-2 Virus Vaccination in Healthy Adult Dogs

Bergmann, Michèle; Freisl, Monika; Zablotski, Yury; Speck, Stephanie; Truyen, Uwe; Hartmann, Katrin

doi:10.3390/v12101198

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Based on the previous studies, a relationship has been observed between the absorbed MDA and the duration of protection, which is proof of the importance of colostrum in newborn puppies [ 24 ]. Despite this, MDA has decreased over time and most studies have reported that the MDA protective titer exists until 13–15 weeks of age [ 27 ]. In this regard, some solutions can be used to nullify the MDA interference such as determining the MDA titer, alternative of injective vaccines in the young puppies, use high-titer vaccines in areas with high prevalence [ 15 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The first evaluation of the effectiveness of canine vaccination schedule by two commercial vaccines in Iran

2022

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Background Canine Parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is a member of the Parvoviridae family with a global distribution and causes pathogenicity in puppies aged from 6 weeks to 6 months. It should be noted that Maternally Derived Antibodies (MDA) have protection against CPV-2 in the first weeks of puppies’ life. However, MDA declines with age. The most important influential factor is timely vaccination against CPV-2. Methods In this study, 24 healthy 8-week-old terrier puppies were selected and divided into three identical groups based on a randomized, double-blind comparative trial. One of which was called the control group that was injected with the physiological serum. The second group was the group A that was vaccinated by the vaccine provided by Biocan DHPPi+L (Bioveta, Czech). The third group was group B that was vaccinated by the vaccine of Duramune Max 5 + LCI / GP (Fort Dodge Animal Health, USA) from 8 to 16 weeks of their life at every 4 weeks. Then serum samples were analyzed with HI and ELISA tests. Results The MDA titer was protective in some puppies until 18 weeks of age. Also, after the first vaccination, all puppies had a protective titer against CPV-2, and Duramune vaccine had seroconverted after the first injection and Biocan had seroconverted after the second injection. Conclusions It is recommended that to reduce the risk of vaccine failure: such as the MDA titer should be measured in puppies before designing a vaccination schedule.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The first evaluation of the effectiveness of canine vaccination schedule by two commercial vaccines in Iran

2022

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“…In field studies, antibodies were present after 6 to 14 years [ 17 , 18 ]. Individual dogs, however, were more likely to lack antibodies if the last vaccination was given >3 [ 19 ] and ≥4 years [ 20 ] ago. Currently, guidelines recommend 3-yearly boosters for vaccination against ICH [ 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, antibody testing can be useful to evaluate the dog’s vaccination response; the absence of anti-CAV antibodies in dogs after vaccination indicates a non-response, (e.g., due to interference with maternally derived antibodies, pre-existing antibodies due to previous infection or vaccination, or immunodeficiency [ 19 ]). Further, antibody testing is helpful for the separation of dogs during the management of disease outbreaks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a Point-of-Care Test for Pre-Vaccination Testing to Detect Antibodies against Canine Adenoviruses in Dogs

Bergmann¹,

Holzheu²,

Zablotski³

et al. 2021

Viruses

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(1) Background: Antibody testing is commonly used to assess a dog’s immune status. For detection of antibodies against canine adenoviruses (CAVs), one point-of-care (POC) test is available. This study assessed the POC test´s performance. (2) Methods: Sera of 198 privately owned dogs and 40 specific pathogen-free (SPF) dogs were included. The reference standard for detection of anti-CAV antibodies was virus neutralization (VN) using CAV-1 and CAV-2 antigens. Specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and overall accuracy (OA) of the POC test were assessed. Specificity was considered most important. (3) Results: Prevalence of CAV-1 neutralizing antibodies (≥10) was 76% (182/238) in all dogs, 92% (182/198) in the subgroup of privately owned dogs, and 0% (0/40) in SPF dogs. Prevalence of CAV-2 neutralizing antibodies (≥10) was 76% (181/238) in all dogs, 91% (181/198) in privately owned dogs, and 0% (0/40) in SPF dogs. Specificity for detection of CAV-1 antibodies was lower (overall dogs, 88%; privately owned dogs, 56%; SPF dogs, 100%) compared with specificity for detection of CAV-2 antibodies (overall dogs, 90%; privately owned dogs, 65%; SPF dogs, 100%). (4) Conclusions: Since false positive results will lead to potentially unprotected dogs not being vaccinated, specificity should be improved to reliably detect anti-CAV antibodies that prevent infectious canine hepatitis in dogs.

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“…CAV-2 provokes disorders in the respiratory organs, including tonsillitis, pharyngitis, tracheitis, bronchitis, and having an affinity for the epithelium of the upper respiratory tract. This virus was first detected in Canadian shelter dogs in 1961 with symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection, and in the following years its presence was reported in many countries such as Italy, Brazil, and India (Hechinger et al, 2017;Ramidi et al, 2019;Bergmann et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adenovirus infections in dogs: diagnostic features

Radzykhovskyi¹,

Dyshkant²,

Gutyj³

et al. 2022

Ukrainian journal of veterinary sciences

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In the general pathology of dogs, viral diseases occupy a leading place, and infectious hepatitis, the causative agent of which is a virus of the Adenoviridae family, is of particular concern. Recently, the virus has spread to many countries around the world, which indicates changes in the properties of the pathogen. At the same time, the epizootic situation concerning infectious diseases, including adenoviruses, whose development is influenced by the mass keeping of dogs, has worsened in Ukraine. The purpose of this study is to supplement, clarify, and generalize data on epizootological features, morphological and biochemical parameters of blood and pathological and anatomical changes in type I canine adenovirus. The following research methods were used to conduct the research: epizootological analysis, clinical (determination of the general clinical condition of animals), pathological and anatomical (detection of macroscopic changes), haematological (morphological and biochemical parameters of blood) and statistical (processing of digital data to determine the probability of changes in indicators). According to the results of comprehensive studies, it was proved that dogs of different breeds, including mongrels, are susceptible to type I adenovirus, and the peak manifestation of the disease is the spring-summer period in animals aged one to two years. Infectious hepatitis is characterized by the development of erythrocytopenia, a decrease in haematocrit, leucocytosis, and lymphocytopenia. Changes in biochemical indicators are characterized by a decrease in haemoglobin, creatinine, urea, glucose in the blood, and a decrease in the activity of α-amylase and an increase in the content of total bilirubin, hyperfermentaemia of alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase. The most pronounced pathoanatomical changes are an increase in the size of the liver with the development of necrosis, and in the gastrointestinal tract-haemorrhages in the small intestine. The multisystem pathogenic effect of the virus is characterized by nephrosis, pinpoint haemorrhages in the pancreas, and inflammatory changes have been established in the lymph nodes. As a result of an experimental study of haematological parameters and pathoanatomical changes, a complex pathogenesis of the disease with multiple organ failure was established. In the study of infectious diseases of dogs, the most important aspect is clinical and diagnostic information content. Therefore, scientific research on a more profound understanding of the diagnosis of canine adenovirus will determine the algorithm for justifying the diagnosis

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Antibody Response to Canine Adenovirus-2 Virus Vaccination in Healthy Adult Dogs

Cited by 7 publications

References 41 publications

The first evaluation of the effectiveness of canine vaccination schedule by two commercial vaccines in Iran

The first evaluation of the effectiveness of canine vaccination schedule by two commercial vaccines in Iran

Evaluation of a Point-of-Care Test for Pre-Vaccination Testing to Detect Antibodies against Canine Adenoviruses in Dogs

Adenovirus infections in dogs: diagnostic features

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