Antibody Response Patterns against Schistosoma mansoni in a Recently Exposed Community in Senegal

Dam, Govert J. van; Stelma, F.F.; Gryseels, B.; Ferreira, Sonja T. M. Falcão; Talla, I.; Niang, M.; Rotmans, J. P.; Deelder, André M.

doi:10.1093/infdis/173.5.1232

Cited by 51 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…2), and they were strongly associated with those previously measured to SEA and CERC (Table 1). Similarly to previously published age profiles of IgG1 and IgG2 responses to SEA (16,21,28), levels of IgG1 against LDN-DF decreased with age ( Fig. 1).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Specific Antibody Responses to Three Schistosome-Related Carbohydrate Structures in Recently Exposed Immigrants and Established Residents in an Area ofSchistosoma mansoniEndemicity

et al. 2003

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By the use of surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy, immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass and IgM antibodies against three schistosome-derived carbohydrate structures, FLDN (Fuc␣1-3GalNAc␤1-4GlcNAc␤1-3Gal␣1), LDN-DF [GalNAc␤1-4(Fuc␣1-2Fuc␣1-3)GlcNAc␤1], and LDNF [GalNAc␤1-4(Fuc␣1-3)GlcNAc␤1-3Gal␣1], were measured in 184 previously unexposed Kenyan immigrants who moved into the Masongaleni area, where Schistosoma mansoni is endemic. They were sampled within their first year of exposure and again 2 years later. A cohort selected out of the original residents of the area, who had been exposed for many years, served as controls. Associations with responses to S. mansoni worm, egg (SEA), and cercarial (CERC) antigens were examined. In addition, we measured responses to keyhole limpet hemocyanin, a glycoprotein which carries glycan epitopes that are also expressed by schistosomes. Specific IgG1 responses were most pronounced against FLDN and LDN-DF and strongly associated with those previously measured to SEA and CERC. Similarly to previously published age profiles of IgG1 and IgG2 responses to SEA, levels of IgG1 against LDN-DF decreased with age. In contrast, specific IgM responses against the three schistosome-derived carbohydrate structures were most marked against LDNF. Our results indicate that, of the three glycan structures tested, the acute response against schistosome glycoconjugate antigens in young children is mainly directed against the LDN-DF epitope. The response to LDN-DF in older individuals and the responses to the two other epitopes were similar in the two cohorts, suggesting that these antigens are recognized in the early stages of infection and that the immune response persists. The biological significance of these observations needs further elucidation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Specific Antibody Responses to Three Schistosome-Related Carbohydrate Structures in Recently Exposed Immigrants and Established Residents in an Area ofSchistosoma mansoniEndemicity

et al. 2003

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“…8 Most isotypes showed an increase in absolute levels following praziquantel treatment, since release of antigens boosts the immune system. We found no consistent linear trend in antibody levels between the 4 cohorts, indicating an immunologically stable situation, in parallel with the parasitologic data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specific antibody levels (IgG, IgG1, IgG3, IgG4, IgM, and IgE) against adult worm antigen (AWA) were determined in serum as previously described in detail. 8 For the IgG1 assay, serum samples were diluted 1/ 2,000. Specific IgG2 and IgA were not measured because the previous study showed levels of these antibodies to be very low in this community.…”

Section: Population Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The contribution of host-related factors to low cure rates of praziquantel for the treatment of Schistosoma mansoni in Senegal.

Lieshout¹,

Stelma²,

Guisse³

et al. 1999

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Surprisingly low cure rates were repeatedly observed after treatment with a standard dosage of praziquantel in a recently established Schistosoma mansoni focus in northern Senegal. In 4 discrete cohorts from the same population, cure rates were 18-36% and egg count reduction rates were 77-88%. Data and material of 920 compliant subjects from all 4 cohorts were further analyzed to identify possible host-related factors associated with low cure rates. The lowest cure rates were found in the highest egg count groups. However, in low and moderate egg count groups, drug efficacy was also below normal values. Cure rates were similar in males and females, showed no seasonal variation, and were independent of previous praziquantel treatment. They were significantly higher in adults than in children, also after allowing for intensity of infection. Individual water contact behavior and specific humoral immune responses were examined in 2 extreme subgroups, either without significant egg count reduction or showing complete parasitologic cure. There was no significant difference in frequency and duration of water contact between those individuals with complete cure and those that showed little effect of praziquantel treatment. Levels of IgG, IgG1, IgG3, IgG4, IgM, and IgE against adult worm antigen were not different between the 2 subgroups. Thus, the abnormally frequent failure of treatment observed in this focus could not be associated with any host-related factor, other than age and pretreatment egg counts.In a recently established focus of Schistosoma mansoni in the Senegal River Basin, praziquantel treatment apparently showed a lower efficacy and induced more side effects than usually reported. 1,2 In an initial cohort of 400 subjects, only 18% was found to be parasitologically negative 12 weeks after treatment with the standard single oral dosage of 40 mg/kg. However, egg reduction rates were substantial (86%) in those remaining positive. Results were confirmed by determination of circulating antigens excreted by metabolically active adult worms.2 Similar low cure rates were found in 3 subsequent cohorts from the same focus (Stelma FF, unpublished data). An increased dosage of praziquantel, given at the same day, showed no significant improvement, 3 while normal cure rates were found after treatment with oxamniquine, 4 or after repeated treatment with praziquantel within a period of 40 days. 5Possible explanations for these findings can be divided into 3 main categories: 1) parasite-related, including reduced strain susceptibility to praziquantel, 2) drug-related, including drug quality or bioavailability, and 3) host-related, including high initial intensity of infection, prepatent infections, rapid reinfection, and still under-developed pharmacosynergistic humoral immune responses. 2 This paper focuses on the third category of hypotheses. We use data from all four cohorts to analyze the contribution of host-related factors on the efficacy of praziquantel treatment in this area, with emphasis on the variabl...

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“…4,5 IgG 4 has been detected in other parasitic infections, and selectively detecting IgG 4 can improve specificity. [14][15][16][17] This is supported in our study, where the IgG 4 were treated with SDS and heated at 65°C for 15 minutes, separated, and analyzed using SDS gel electrophoresis and Western blotting. Gels were transferred to nitrocellulose membranes and probed with a pooled positive F. hepatica human sera (fascioliasis+), a pooled negative human sera (negative human sera), and a pooled strong enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-positive Toxocara human sera (toxocariasis+), all of which were diluted 1:100 in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) + 0.3% tween + 5% milk.…”

mentioning

confidence: 77%

Development of Two FhSAP2 Recombinant–Based Assays for Immunodiagnosis of Human Chronic Fascioliasis

Shin

Hsu

Chastain

et al. 2016

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. In the United States, infection with Fasciola hepatica has been identified as an emerging disease, primarily in immigrants, refugees, and travelers. The laboratory test of choice for diagnosis of fascioliasis is detection of disease specific antibodies, most commonly uses excretory-secretory antigens for detection of IgG antibodies. Recently, recombinant proteins such as F. hepatica antigen (FhSAP2) have been used to detect IgG antibodies. The glutathione S-transferase (GST)-FhSAP2 recombinant antigen was used to develop Western blot (WB) and fluorescent bead-based (Luminex) assays to detect F. hepatica total IgG and IgG 4 antibodies. The sensitivity and specificity of GST-FhSAP2 total IgG and IgG 4 WB were similar at 94% and 98%, respectively. For the IgG Luminex assay, the sensitivity and specificity were 94% and 97%, and for the IgG 4 , the values were 100% and 99%, respectively. In conclusion, the GST-FhSAP2 antigen performs well in several assay formats and can be used for clinical diagnosis.

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Antibody Response Patterns against Schistosoma mansoni in a Recently Exposed Community in Senegal

Cited by 51 publications

References 45 publications

Specific Antibody Responses to Three Schistosome-Related Carbohydrate Structures in Recently Exposed Immigrants and Established Residents in an Area ofSchistosoma mansoniEndemicity

Specific Antibody Responses to Three Schistosome-Related Carbohydrate Structures in Recently Exposed Immigrants and Established Residents in an Area ofSchistosoma mansoniEndemicity

The contribution of host-related factors to low cure rates of praziquantel for the treatment of Schistosoma mansoni in Senegal.

Development of Two FhSAP2 Recombinant–Based Assays for Immunodiagnosis of Human Chronic Fascioliasis

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