Antibody Response in Rabbits following Injection of Sheep Erythrocytes into Lateral Ventricle of Brain

Janković, Branislav D.; Draskoci, M; Isaković, Katarina

doi:10.1038/191288b0

Cited by 17 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Since the early 1900s, [1][2][3][4][5], but much more so for the past 10 years, [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14], basic research and clinical observations have allowed improving our understanding of the complex interactions between the immune system and epilepsy. Important clinical observations that served as bases for the most recent progress in the field include the demonstration of efficacy of steroids in the control of certain types of seizures refractory to classic antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), the presence of proinflammatory molecules (such as IL-1b) in the serum of patients with febrile seizures and the high incidence of seizures in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases [15].…”

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confidence: 99%

Autoimmunity and inflammation in status epilepticus: from concepts to therapies

Holzer

Seeck

Korff³

2014

Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics

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The understanding of immunological mechanisms underlying some forms of epilepsy and encephalitis has rapidly increased for the last 10 years leading to the concept of status epilepticus of autoimmune origin. Actual treatment recommendations regarding autoimmune status epilepticus are based on retrospective case studies, pathophysiological considerations and experts' opinion. In addition, there are no clear indicators to predict outcome. In situations where autoimmune mechanisms are suspected in patients with status epilepticus, there is evidence that earlier treatment is related to better outcome. Increased awareness is mandatory to decrease the number of patients with major neurological problems or fatal outcome, which is overall about 50%. We here summarize findings of all pediatric and adult patients reported to date, and review the current state of knowledge in the field of immune therapeutic approaches of status epilepticus.

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confidence: 99%

Autoimmunity and inflammation in status epilepticus: from concepts to therapies

Holzer

Seeck

Korff³

2014

Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics

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“…Studies by Jankovic et a1 (Jankovic, Draskoci & Isakovic, 1961) have shown that injection of antigen into CSF causes the appearance of antibody in the serum. The present study has been undertaken to determine whether intraventricular injection of antigen causes a predominantly systemic immune response in the spleen, suggesting venous drainage, or a local response in regional lymph nodes, suggesting lymphatic drainage of the antigen.…”

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confidence: 97%

Immune response in draining lymph nodes and Spleen After Intraventricular Injection of Antigen

Hochwald

Driel

Robinson

et al. 1988

International Journal of Neuroscience

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Both Fischer 344 and Sprague Dawley rats showed significant numbers of antibody forming cells (PFC) in deep cervical lymph nodes after intraventricular injection of antigens, including trinitrophenylated (TNP)-hemocyanin, TNP-B. abortus and sheep erythrocytes. This indicated that particular as well as soluble antigens drained to these lymph nodes from the spinal fluid. Other lymph nodes examined did not show increased PFC over background, but levels of PFC in the spleen were significantly elevated after intraventricular injection of each of these antigens. Comparison with dose responses in the spleen after intravenous antigen injection suggested that approximately 20% of the intraventricularly injected immunogens drained to the peripheral blood. The relevance of these findings with respect to the brain as an immunologically privileged site is discussed.

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“…Moreover, the injection of sheep erythrocytes into the lateral ventricles of rabbits (Jankovic et al, 1961) and the micro-infusion of human BSA into rat brains lead to the production of specific antibodies in serum. The latter response was reduced about 10-fold by cervical lymph obstruction (Harling-Berg et al, 1989).…”

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confidence: 99%