Antibody Response against SARS-CoV-2 and Seasonal Coronaviruses in Nonhospitalized COVID-19 Patients

Ruétalo, Natalia; Businger, Ramona; Althaus, Karina; Fink, Simon; Ruoff, Felix; Pogoda, Michaela; Iftner, Angelika; Ganzenmüller, Tina; Hamprecht, Klaus; Flehmig, Bertram; Bakchoul, Tamam; Templin, Markus F.; Schindler, Michael

doi:10.1128/msphere.01145-20

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Recent efforts have been made to explore the impact of prior immunity to sCoVs on SARS-CoV-2 infection, neutralization and disease severity, and the results are divergent among studies. Some studies have shown that the pre-existing immune response to sCoVs mitigates the symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection and reduces the occurrence of severe COVID-19, with benefits including lower rates of intensive care unit (ICU) admission and death (33,34). Galipeau et al found a broad range of neutralizing activity (0-45%) in pre-pandemic serum samples, especially for NL63 and OC43 antibodies, which could interfere with the binding of SARS-CoV-2 to ACE2 receptors, so as to confer protection (31).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-Existing Cross-Reactive Antibody Responses Do Not Significantly Impact Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine-Induced Neutralization

et al. 2021

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Recent exposure to seasonal coronaviruses (sCoVs) may stimulate cross-reactive antibody responses against severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, previous studies have produced divergent results regarding protective or damaging immunity induced by prior sCoV exposure. It remains unknown whether pre-existing humoral immunity plays a role in vaccine-induced neutralization and antibody responses. In this study, we collected 36 paired sera samples from 36 healthy volunteers before and after immunization with inactivated whole-virion SARS-CoV-2 vaccines for COVID-19, and analyzed the distribution and intensity of pre-existing antibody responses at the epitope level pre-vaccination as well as the relationship between pre-existing sCoV immunity and vaccine-induced neutralization. We observed large amounts of pre-existing cross-reactive antibodies in the conserved regions among sCoVs, especially the S2 subunit. Excep t for a few peptides, the IgG and IgM fluorescence intensities against S, M and N peptides did not differ significantly between pre-vaccination and post-vaccination sera of vaccinees who developed a neutralization inhibition rate (%inhibition) <40 and %inhibition ≥40 after two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. Participants with strong and weak pre-existing cross-reactive antibodies (strong pre-CRA; weak pre-CRA) had similar %inhibition pre-vaccination (10.9% ± 2.9% vs. 12.0% ± 2.2%, P=0.990) and post-vaccination (43.8% ± 25.1% vs. 44.6% ± 21.5%, P=0.997). Overall, the strong pre-CRA group did not show a significantly greater increase in antibody responses to the S protein linear peptides post-vaccination compared with the weak pre-CRA group. Therefore, we found no evidence for a significant impact of pre-existing antibody responses on inactivated vaccine-induced neutralization and antibody responses. Our research provides an important basis for inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine use in the context of high sCoV seroprevalence.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-Existing Cross-Reactive Antibody Responses Do Not Significantly Impact Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine-Induced Neutralization

et al. 2021

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“…In case of discordant results, we performed additional, study site–specific measurements. These measurements were a neutralization assay (Tübingen) ( 22 ); the Euroimmun Anti-SARS-CoV-2-ELISA (IgG) (Euroimmun) (Heidelberg); the Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM ECLIA (Roche) (Freiburg); or the ARCHITECT SARS-CoV-2 IgG, a test for IgG against the viral N protein (Abbott Laboratories, https://www.abbott.com ) on an Abbott ARCHITECT 1000 instrument (Ulm). We classified serum samples with a positive reaction in the additional assay as seropositive.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Households with Children, Southwest Germany, May–August 2020

Stich¹,

Elling²,

Renk³

et al. 2021

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…This difference could be attributed to time recruitment of such patients to the hospital and the severity of the disease. Another study from Germany that recruited patients in April and May 2020, observed a very small fraction of the patients’ serum samples, could be classified as high neutralizers [ 45 ]. In contrast, some symptomatic patients failed to develop antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, suggesting the varied antibody response against the virus.…”

Section: Antibody Responses In Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 pandemic: the delta variant, T-cell responses, and the efficacy of developing vaccines

et al. 2022

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Background The mayhem COVID-19 that was ushered by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) was declared pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. Since its initial outbreak in late 2019, the virus has affected hundreds of million adults in the world and killing millions in the process. After the approval of newly developed vaccines, severe challenges remain to manufacture and administer them to the adult population globally in quick time. However, we have witnessed several mutations of the virus leading to 'waves' of viral spread and mortality. WHO has categorized these mutations as variants of concern (VOCs) and variants of interest (VOIs). The mortality due to COVID-19 has also been associated with various comorbidities and improper immune response. This has created further complications in understanding the nature of the SARS-CoV2-host interaction that has fuelled doubts in the efficacy of the approved vaccines. Whether there is requirement of booster dose and whether the impending wave could affect the children are some of the hotly debated topics. Materials and Methods A systematic literature review of PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Google Scholar was utilized to understand the nature of Delta variant and how it alters our T-cell responses and cytokine production and neutralizes vaccinegenerated antibodies. ConclusionIn this review, we discuss the variants of SARS-CoV2 with specific focus on the Delta variant. We also specifically review the T-cell response against the virus and bring a narrative of various factors that may hold the key to fight against this marauding virus.

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Antibody Response against SARS-CoV-2 and Seasonal Coronaviruses in Nonhospitalized COVID-19 Patients

Cited by 19 publications

References 27 publications

Pre-Existing Cross-Reactive Antibody Responses Do Not Significantly Impact Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine-Induced Neutralization

Pre-Existing Cross-Reactive Antibody Responses Do Not Significantly Impact Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine-Induced Neutralization

Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Households with Children, Southwest Germany, May–August 2020

COVID-19 pandemic: the delta variant, T-cell responses, and the efficacy of developing vaccines

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