Antibody Profile of Colostrum and the Effect of Processing in Human Milk Banks: Implications in Immunoregulatory Properties

Rodríguez-Camejo, Claudio; Puyol, Arturo; Fazio, Laura; Rodríguez, Analía; Villamil, Emilia; Andina, Eliana; Cordobez, Vanira; Díaz, Hernán; Lemos, Mary; Siré, Gabriela; Carroscia, Lilián; Castro, Mara; Panizzolo, Luis Alberto; Hernández, Ana

doi:10.1177/0890334417706359

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…This study has shown the statistically significant advantage of HTST over HoP in relation to the preservation of these two Ig classes. Previous studies indicated that IgMs and IgGs are highly and moderate sensitive, respectively, to HoP ( 21 , 45 – 49 ). In contrast, IgG was highly resistant to any of the HTST treatment applied in this work, while inactivation of IgM depended on both processing parameters, temperature and time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of HTST and Holder Pasteurization on the Concentration of Immunoglobulins, Growth Factors, and Hormones in Donor Human Milk

Escuder-Vieco

Espinosa-Martos²,

Rodríguez

et al. 2018

Front. Immunol.

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Donor human milk (DHM) is submitted to Holder pasteurization (HoP) to ensure its microbiological safety in human milk banks but this treatment affects some of its bioactive compounds. The objective of this work was to compare the effects of HoP and high temperature short time (HTST) treatments on some bioactive compounds found in DHM. A total of 24 DHM batches were processed in a continuous HTST system (70, 72, and 75°C for 5–25 s) and by HoP (62.5°C for 30 min). The concentrations of immunoglobulins (Igs) A, G, and M, transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-β2), adiponectine, ghrelin, and leptin were measured using a multiplex system, whereas the concentration of epidermal growth factor (EGF) was determined by ELISA. In relation to Igs, IgG showed the highest preservation rates (87–101%) after HTST treatments, followed by IgA (54–88%) and IgM (25–73%). Ig retention after any of the HTST treatments was higher than after HoP (p < 0.001). Treatment times required to reduce the concentration of IgM by 90% (D-value) were 130, 88, and 49 s at 70, 72, and 75°C, while the number of degrees Celsius required to change the D-value by one factor of 10 (z-value) was 11.79°C. None of the heat treatments had a significant effect on the concentrations of TGF-β2, EGF, adiponectin, and ghrelin. In contrast, leptin was detected only in 4 of the samples submitted to HoP, whereas it was present in all samples after the different HTST treatments, with retention rates ranging between 34 and 68%. Globally, the concentration of IgA, IgG, IgM, and leptin in DHM was significantly higher after HTST pasteurization performed in a continuous system designed to be used in human milk banks than after the HoP procedure that is routinely applied at present.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of HTST and Holder Pasteurization on the Concentration of Immunoglobulins, Growth Factors, and Hormones in Donor Human Milk

Escuder-Vieco

Espinosa-Martos²,

Rodríguez

et al. 2018

Front. Immunol.

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“…23,24 Natalizumab, an IgG 4 monoclonal antibody therapy for MS and inflammatory bowel disease, represents 1 notable exception because of more repeated dosing and the higher relative proportion of IgG 4 in mature breast milk than in serum. 25,26 Although low levels of natalizumab were reported in breast milk in 2 patients, 23 serial collection of breast milk over 50 days from infusion in another single patient suggested accumulation of natalizumab in breast milk. 27 By contrast, rituximab can be dosed once every 6–12 months and is an IgG 1 subclass with a large molecular weight (145 kD).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minimal breast milk transfer of rituximab, a monoclonal antibody used in neurological conditions

Krysko

LaHue

Anderson

et al. 2020

Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm

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ObjectiveTo determine the transfer of rituximab, an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody widely used for neurologic conditions, into mature breast milk.MethodsBreast milk samples were collected from 9 women with MS who received rituximab 500 or 1,000 mg intravenous once or twice while breastfeeding from November 2017 to April 2019. Serial breast milk samples were collected before infusion and at 8 hours, 24 hours, 7 days, and 18–21 days after rituximab infusion in 4 patients. Five additional patients provided 1–2 samples at various times after rituximab infusion.ResultsThe median average rituximab concentration in mature breast milk was low at 0.063 μg/mL (range 0.046–0.097) in the 4 patients with serial breast milk collection, with an estimated median absolute infant dose of 0.0094 mg/kg/d and a relative infant dose (RID) of 0.08% (range 0.06%–0.10%). Most patients had a maximum concentration at 1–7 days after infusion. The maximum concentration occurred in a woman with a single breast milk sample and was 0.29 μg/mL at 11 days postinfusion, which corresponds with an estimated RID of 0.33%. Rituximab concentration in milk was virtually undetectable by 90 days postinfusion.ConclusionsWe determined minimal transfer of rituximab into mature breast milk. The RID for rituximab was less than 0.4% and well below theoretically acceptable levels of less than 10%. Low oral bioavailability would probably also limit the absorption of rituximab by the newborn. In women with serious autoimmune neurologic conditions, monoclonal antibody therapy may afford an acceptable benefit to risk ratio, supporting both maternal treatment and breastfeeding.

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“…None of colostrum Ig levels were seen to present normal distributions. Using the results of the previous researches [23, 24], we determined that IgA is the main isotype in colostrum. This study reported that IgA2 (mean = 11.87 ± 2.904 mg/mL) concentration in the colostrum was slightly higher than IgA1 (mean = 9.893 ± 1.577 mg/mL).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectious episodes during pregnancy, at particular mucosal sites, increase specific IgA1 or IgA2 subtype levels in human colostrum

Sánchez‐Salguero

Mondragón-Ramírez

Alcántara-Montiel

et al. 2019

matern health, neonatol and perinatol

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Background Colostrum is the primary source of maternal immunoglobulin A (IgA) for the newborn. IgA participates in protection and regulation mechanisms of the immune response at the neonate’s mucosa. Several studies have evaluated infectious diseases and vaccine protocols effects during pregnancy on maternal milk IgA levels, with the aim to understand lactation protecting effect on newborn. However, most of their results demonstrated that there were no differences in the total IgA levels. In humans, IgA has two subclasses (IgA1 and IgA2), they have an anatomical distribution among mucosal compartments, their levels vary after antigen stimulation and are also seen to describe differential affinities in colostrum. Although there are differences between IgA subclasses in several compartments, these studies have excluded specific colostrum IgA1 and IgA2 determination. Methods We analyzed data from 900 women in Mexico City. With Pearson correlation, we compared the number of infectious episodes during their pregnancy that was associated with mucosal compartments (skin, respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts) and colostrum IgA subclasses. Results We show a correlation between increased colostrum IgA1 levels and the number of infectious episodes at respiratory tract and the skin. In contrast, infections at the gastrointestinal tract correlated with increased IgA2 amounts. Conclusions I nfections present during pregnancy at certain mucosal site increase specific IgA subclasses levels in human colostrum. These results will help in understanding infections and immunizations effects on maternal IgA at the mammary gland, and their impact on the development and protection of the newborn. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40748-019-0104-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Antibody Profile of Colostrum and the Effect of Processing in Human Milk Banks: Implications in Immunoregulatory Properties

Cited by 22 publications

References 36 publications

Effect of HTST and Holder Pasteurization on the Concentration of Immunoglobulins, Growth Factors, and Hormones in Donor Human Milk

Effect of HTST and Holder Pasteurization on the Concentration of Immunoglobulins, Growth Factors, and Hormones in Donor Human Milk

Minimal breast milk transfer of rituximab, a monoclonal antibody used in neurological conditions

Infectious episodes during pregnancy, at particular mucosal sites, increase specific IgA1 or IgA2 subtype levels in human colostrum

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