Antibody Prevalence to African Swine Fever Virus, Mycobacterium Bovis, Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus, Rift Valley Fever Virus, Influenza a Virus, and Brucella and Leptospira Spp. In Free-Ranging Warthog (Phacochoerus Africanus) Populations in South Africa

Neiffer, Donald L.; Hewlett, Jennie; Buss, Peter; Rossouw, Leana; Hausler, Guy; deKlerk-Lorist, Lin-Mari; Roos, Eduard O.; Olea‐Popelka, Francisco; Lubisi, Baratang A.; Heath, Livio; Miller, Michele A.

doi:10.7589/jwd-d-20-00011

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The present findings confirm that there is circulation of ASFV in warthogs beyond the controlled area in South Africa (Table 2 and Figures 4, 5), but the full extent of spread of infection and the mechanisms involved remain largely undetermined. Unbeknown to the present authors, aliquots of 91 of the same GKNP sera were included in an unrelated survey with similar ASFV findings (49), but this is immaterial since the samples were used in the current study mainly to confirm the validity of the antibody test for warthog sera. Samples from extralimital warthogs were of central interest.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extension of Sylvatic Circulation of African Swine Fever Virus in Extralimital Warthogs in South Africa

et al. 2021

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Sylvatic circulation of African swine fever virus (ASFV) in warthogs and Ornithodoros ticks that live in warthog burrows historically occurred in northern South Africa. Outbreaks of the disease in domestic pigs originated in this region. A controlled area was declared in the north in 1935 and regulations were implemented to prevent transfer of potentially infected suids or products to the rest of the country. However, over the past six decades, warthogs have been widely translocated to the south where the extralimital animals have flourished to become an invasive species. Since 2016, there have been outbreaks of ASF in pigs outside the controlled area that cannot be linked to transfer of infected animals or products from the north. An investigation in 2008–2012 revealed that the presence of Ornithodoros ticks and ASFV in warthog burrows extended marginally across the boundary of the controlled area. We found serological evidence of ASFV circulation in extralimital warthogs further south in the central part of the country.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extension of Sylvatic Circulation of African Swine Fever Virus in Extralimital Warthogs in South Africa

et al. 2021

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“…The common warthog (Phacochoerus africanus) is widespread in arid regions of sub-Saharan Africa although the exact population size is unknown, [1]; in South Africa, estimates of over 22,250 animals have been proposed [2]. Known to be an asymptomatic carrier of African swine fever virus (ASFV) [3], studies have shown that warthogs can be serologically positive for Mycobacterium bovis, Foot and Mouth Disease, Rift valley fever, influenza A and Porcine parvovirus 1 (PPV1) [4][5][6]. As pig production increases in Africa, identifying other potential pathogens in warthogs and understanding the role that this species may play in disease transmission to domestic swine is fundamental to the development of targeted disease-control strategies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral Co-Infections of Warthogs in Namibia with African Swine Fever Virus and Porcine Parvovirus 1

Molini

Franzo

Settypalli

et al. 2022

Animals

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Understanding virus circulation in wild animals, particularly those that have contact with domestic animals, is crucial for disease management and control. In Africa, warthogs are known to be asymptomatic carriers of porcine pathogens; a recent study in Namibia has shown them to be positive for Porcine circovirus-2 (PCV-2). In this study, the same samples used for the PCV-2 investigation in Namibia were further screened for the presence of African swine fever virus (ASFV) and porcine parvovirus 1 (PPV1) by PCR. Of the 42 animals tested, 2 (4.8%) and 13 (31%) were positive for AFSV and PPV1, respectively. The two AFSV were also co-infected with PPV1. Combing the results of this study with the results of the previous PCV-2 investigation, four warthogs were shown to be co-infected with both PPV1 and PCV-2. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the AFSV belonged to genotype (Ib) but were from different serogroups. Unexpectedly, the ASFVs from the warthogs were genetically distinct to those observed in an outbreak in the same region of Namibia that occurred less than fifteen months prior to the sampling of the warthogs. In fact, a stronger genetic relationship was observed between the warthog viruses and historical Namibian and South African ASFVs identified in 1980, 2004 and 2008. For the PPV1s, the closest relative to the Namibian PPV1 were viruses identified in wild boar in Romania in 2011. This study confirms that warthogs are carriers of porcine pathogens and the data should encourage further studies on larger populations of wild and domestic swine to more fully understand the epidemiology and transmission of viral pathogens from these species.

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Six underreported viral diseases of domesticated and wild swine in Africa: Implications and perspectives

Dundon,

Molini,

Franzo

2024

Veterinary Microbiology

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Antibody Prevalence to African Swine Fever Virus, Mycobacterium Bovis, Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus, Rift Valley Fever Virus, Influenza a Virus, and Brucella and Leptospira Spp. In Free-Ranging Warthog (Phacochoerus Africanus) Populations in South Africa

Cited by 5 publications

References 44 publications

Extension of Sylvatic Circulation of African Swine Fever Virus in Extralimital Warthogs in South Africa

Extension of Sylvatic Circulation of African Swine Fever Virus in Extralimital Warthogs in South Africa

Viral Co-Infections of Warthogs in Namibia with African Swine Fever Virus and Porcine Parvovirus 1

Six underreported viral diseases of domesticated and wild swine in Africa: Implications and perspectives

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