Antibody in sera of patients infected with Trichomonas vaginalis is to trichomonad proteinases.

Alderete, John F.; Newton, Estelle E.; Dennis, Carina; Neale, K A

doi:10.1136/sti.67.4.331

Cited by 34 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…These data show that CP30 is immunogenic during trichomonal infection. Our results are consistent with the presence of antibodies to some trichomonad proteinases in sera from trichomonosis patients (3). In addition, we show that antibodies to CP30 were also present in some culture-negative patients, due to presumable low-level parasite infection.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The same patients and healthy women controls were also examined for the presence of other STD agents. Samples of blood (5 ml) and VWs (2 to 3 ml) were obtained as described before (2,3). The samples were processed by a previously published procedure on the removal of vaginal epithelial cells from the VWs, before analysis for soluble proteinases (2).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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CP30, a Cysteine Proteinase Involved in Trichomonas vaginalis Cytoadherence

Mendoza-López¹,

Becerril-Garcia²,

et al. 2000

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We describe here the participation of a Trichomonas vaginalis 30-kDa proteinase (CP30) with affinity to the HeLa cell surface in attachment of this parasite to host epithelial cells. The CP30 band is a cysteine proteinase because its activity was inhibited by E-64, a thiol proteinase inhibitor. In two-dimensional substrate gel electrophoresis of total extracts of the trichomonad isolate CNCD 147, three spots with proteolytic activity were detected in the 30-kDa region, in the pI range from 4.5 to 5.5. Two of the spots (pI 4.5 and 5.0) bound to the surfaces of fixed HeLa cells corresponding to the CP30 band. The immunoglobulin G fraction of the rabbit anti-CP30 antiserum that recognized a 30-kDa band by Western blotting and immunoprecipitated CP30 specifically inhibited trichomonal cytoadherence to HeLa cell monolayers in a concentration-dependent manner and reacted with CP30 at the parasite surface. CP30 degraded proteins found on the female urogenital tract, including fibronectin, collagen IV, and hemoglobin. Interestingly, CP30 digested fibronectin and collagen IV only at pH levels between 4.5 and 5.0. Moreover, trichomonosis patients whose diagnosis was confirmed by in vitro culture possessed antibody to CP30 in both sera and vaginal washes, and CP30 activity was found in vaginal washes. Our results suggest that surface CP30 is a cysteine proteinase necessary for trichomonal adherence to human epithelial cells.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CP30, a Cysteine Proteinase Involved in Trichomonas vaginalis Cytoadherence

Mendoza-López¹,

Becerril-Garcia²,

et al. 2000

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“…This may be attributable to different presentations of the proteins during immune surveillance resulting from the unique urogenital regions of women versus men. It is known that female patients with trichomonosis possess IgG antibodies to numerous trichomonad proteins in serum and the vagina (5,8,32,36,37,48,49), perhaps indicating a more vigorous antibody response during infection than that of men. Studies by others demonstrated the highly immunogenic nature of ␣-actinin and the serum antibody response to ␣-actinin in women (31).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epitopes of the Highly Immunogenic Trichomonas vaginalis α-Actinin Are Serodiagnostic Targets for Both Women and Men

2013

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There is a need for a point-of-care serodiagnostic test for women and men for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) caused by Trichomonas vaginalis. Sera from women with this STI and sera from men that were analyzed in studies showing a relationship between serostatus and prostate cancer are highly seropositive in response to trichomonad ␣-actinin and its truncated protein (ACT-P2) (positive control sera). Epitope mapping experiments showed that positive control sera from women had antibodies to 13 distinct epitopes, 5 of which were detected by positive control sera from men. Sera from women and men that were unreactive with ␣-actinin (negative control sera) failed to detect any of the epitopes or other ␣-actinin amino acid sequences. The T. vaginalis ␣-actinin amino acid sequence and the sequences of the epitopes showed little or no identity with those of other proteins of microbial pathogens or the human ␣-actinin 1 (HuACTN1) homolog. Immunoassays such as dot blot, immunoblot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used. Positive control sera did not detect HuACTN1 in immunoassays, and the range of levels of identity of ␣-actinin epitopes with HuACTN1 was 0% to 50%. Comparison of the T. vaginalis ␣-actinin epitopes with proteins in data banks, such as Tritrichomonas suis, Candida albicans, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteins, gave a range of identity levels of 0% to 22%. Specific 15-mer peptide epitopes of ␣-actinin with low to no identity with other proteins were synthesized and were reactive with positive control sera only. These findings identify epitopes of ␣-actinin as candidate serodiagnostic targets and suggest strongly that a highly seropositive reaction to ␣-actinin suggests exposure to T. vaginalis.T richomonas vaginalis is the most common nonviral causative agent for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The adverse consequences for the health of women have been well documented (1, 2). Although in the literature it is routinely reported that men infected by their partners resolve their infections, there is neither experimental evidence nor clinical studies proving this. Reports have shown the expression of numerous virulence factors that permit this ancient protist to survive in the changing host environment of the female urogenital region (3-18). Iron is an important modulator of upregulation and downregulation of the expression of virulence genes (8,(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25). Key steps for host colonization result from overcoming the urogenital mucous layer (18) in preparation for specific cytoadherence to vaginal epithelial cells (7,9,11,22,24). The intimacy of the host-parasite relationship during colonization and infection is exceedingly complex, as evidenced by the large number of proteinases (4,11,15,26) and the secretion by trichomonads of large amounts of putrescine for spermine uptake and back-conversion to spermidine (13,26). This coating of T. vaginalis by polyamines and host macromolecules affects levels of cytoadherence and cytotoxicity (3, 13).More recently, epidemiologic...

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“…Very little is also known about the serologic response to T. vaginalis infection. In studies conducted to date, serum antitrichomonad antibodies have been observed in male and female patients with current trichomonosis (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27), and in those with a documented history of trichomonosis months to years previously (16,21). Although not specifically investigated for T. vaginalis, the response to other genital, mucosal infections (e.g., Chlamydia trachomatis infection) is frequently stronger in those with chronic rather than acute infections (28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Antibodies against Trichomonas vaginalis and Subsequent Risk of Prostate Cancer

Sutcliffe

Giovannucci

Alderete

et al. 2006

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

168

217

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Background: Although several previous case-control studies have investigated associations between sexually transmitted infections (STI) and prostate cancer, most have focused on gonorrhea and syphilis, two well-recognized, symptomatic STIs. Another STI of interest for prostate carcinogenesis is trichomonosis, a less well recognized and frequently asymptomatic STI with known prostate involvement. We investigated this infection in relation to incident prostate cancer in a nested case-control study within the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Methods: Prostate cancer cases were men diagnosed with prostate cancer between the date of blood draw (1993)(1994)(1995) and 2000 (n = 691). Controls were men who had had at least one prostate-specific antigen test and who were free of prostate cancer and alive at the time of case diagnosis. One control was individually matched to each case by age (n = 691). Serologic evidence of a history of trichomonosis was as-

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Antibody in sera of patients infected with Trichomonas vaginalis is to trichomonad proteinases.

Cited by 34 publications

References 31 publications

CP30, a Cysteine Proteinase Involved in Trichomonas vaginalis Cytoadherence

CP30, a Cysteine Proteinase Involved in Trichomonas vaginalis Cytoadherence

Epitopes of the Highly Immunogenic Trichomonas vaginalis α-Actinin Are Serodiagnostic Targets for Both Women and Men

Plasma Antibodies against Trichomonas vaginalis and Subsequent Risk of Prostate Cancer

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