“…In general, raft-associated proteins that are insoluble in TX-100 at 4°C become solubilized when the extraction is carried out at either 37°C (Brown and Rose, 1992) or 4°C following treatment with the cholesterol-binding agent saponin (Rothberg et al, 1990;Cerneus et al, 1993;Hanada et al, 1995;Stulnig et al, 1997;Ledesma et al, 1998). It has been reported (Marta et al, 2003) that markers of lipid rafts, such as GM1 ganglioside and caveolin (a marker for caveolae, a subgroup of lipid rafts) (Abrami et al, 2001), are enriched in low-density, detergent-insoluble fractions derived from OLs on TX-100 extraction at 4°C, and that they are completely solubilized following either extraction at 37°C or 4°C after pretreatment with saponin. Applying these three additional criteria, we found that detergent-insoluble MAG (TX-100, 4°C…”