Antibody and cellular immune responses of naïve mares to repeated vaccination with an inactivated equine herpesvirus vaccine

Wagner, Bettina; Goodman, Laura B.; Babasyan, Susanna; Freer, Heather; Torsteinsdóttir, Sigurbjörg; Svansson, Vilhjálmur; Björnsdóttir, Sigríður; Perkins, Gillian A.

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.09.009

Cited by 31 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…On day 2 of life, group 1 and group 2 foals received an intramuscular (IM) injection of 0.5 mg Sav-gC/IL-4 into the left semitendonosus muscle. The expression and purification of gC/IL-4 was performed as previously described [26,34]. Sav coupling was described in detail in S1 File.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The neonatal EHV-1 vaccine was composed of EHV-1 glycoprotein C (gC) antigen. EHV-1 gC is highly immunogenic in mouse models and the natural hosts [24–26], is involved in cell entry [27,28], was targeted for vaccine development in rodents [29], and is able to interfere with the activation of the complement cascade by binding to the complement component C3 [30]. EHV-1 gC-specific basophils and B-cell activation was accomplished by oral treatment with biotinylated IgE (IgE-bio), which was then cross-linked on the basophil surface with EHV-1 gC antigen by using a streptavidin-conjugated gC/IL-4 fusion protein (Sav-gC/IL-4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neonatal Immunization with a Single IL-4/Antigen Dose Induces Increased Antibody Responses after Challenge Infection with Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 (EHV-1) at Weanling Age

et al. 2017

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Neonatal foals respond poorly to conventional vaccines. These vaccines typically target T-helper (Th) cell dependent B-cell activation. However, Th2-cell immunity is impaired in foals during the first three months of life. In contrast, neonatal basophils are potent interleukin-4 (IL-4) producers. The purpose of this study was to develop a novel vaccine triggering the natural capacity of neonatal basophils to secrete IL-4 and to evaluate if vaccination resulted in B-cell activation and antibody production against EHV-1 glycoprotein C (gC). Neonatal vaccination was performed by oral biotinylated IgE (IgE-bio) treatment at birth followed by intramuscular injection of a single dose of streptavidin-conjugated gC/IL-4 fusion protein (Sav-gC/IL-4) for crosslinking of receptor-bound IgE-bio (group 1). Neonates in group 2 received the intramuscular Sav-gC/IL-4 vaccine only. Group 3 remained non-vaccinated at birth. After vaccination, gC antibody production was not detectable. The ability of the vaccine to induce protection was evaluated by an EHV-1 challenge infection after weaning at 7 months of age. Groups 1 and 2 responded to EHV-1 infection with an earlier onset and overall significantly increased anti-gC serum antibody responses compared to control group 3. In addition, group 1 weanlings had a decreased initial fever peak after infection indicating partial protection from EHV-1 infection. This suggested that the neonatal vaccination induced a memory B-cell response at birth that was recalled at weanling age after EHV-1 challenge. In conclusion, early stimulation of neonatal immunity via the innate arm of the immune system can induce partial protection and increased antibody responses against EHV-1.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal Immunization with a Single IL-4/Antigen Dose Induces Increased Antibody Responses after Challenge Infection with Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 (EHV-1) at Weanling Age

et al. 2017

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“…There are 11 immunoglobulin isotypes described in horse serum (IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG1 to IgG7, and IgM), and the role of these immunoglobulins during various viral infections has been the subject of extensive investigation (42)(43)(44)(45)(46)(47). This study demonstrated that shortly after infection EAV induces a strong serum neutralizing antibody response comprised of a short-lived IgM response and a long-lasting IgG1 response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Equine Arteritis Virus Elicits a Mucosal Antibody Response in the Reproductive Tract of Persistently Infected Stallions

Carossino

Wagner

Loynachan

et al. 2017

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Equine arteritis virus (EAV) has the ability to establish persistent infection in the reproductive tract of the stallion (carrier) and is continuously shed in its semen. We have recently demonstrated that EAV persists within stromal cells and a subset of lymphocytes in the stallion accessory sex glands in the presence of a significant local inflammatory response. In the present study, we demonstrated that EAV elicits a mucosal antibody response in the reproductive tract during persistent infection with homing of plasma cells into accessory sex glands. The EAV-specific immunoglobulin isotypes in seminal plasma included IgA, IgG1, IgG3/5, and IgG4/7. Interestingly, seminal plasma IgG1 and IgG4/7 possessed virus-neutralizing activity, while seminal plasma IgA and IgG3/5 did not. However, virus-neutralizing IgG1 and IgG4/7 in seminal plasma were not effective in preventing viral infectivity. In addition, the serological response was primarily mediated by virus-specific IgM and IgG1, while virus-specific serum IgA, IgG3/5, IgG4/7, and IgG6 isotype responses were not detected. This is the first report characterizing the immunoglobulin isotypes in equine serum and seminal plasma in response to EAV infection. The findings presented herein suggest that while a broader immunoglobulin isotype diversity is elicited in seminal plasma, EAV has the ability to persist in the reproductive tract, in spite of local mucosal antibody and inflammatory responses. This study provides further evidence that EAV employs complex immune evasion mechanisms during persistence in the reproductive tract that warrant further investigation.

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“…(Bridges und Edington, 1987, Bürki 1987, Bürki et al 1990, Damiani et al 2015, Ellis et al 1995, Foote et al 2006, Henninger et al 2007, I.C.C. 2015, Slater 2007und 2014, Thein 2012a,b, Wagner et al 2015.…”

Section: -Aspects Of Infectious Medicineunclassified

“…Diese, meist an einer Minimalzahl biologisch heterogener Pferde (n = 5) experimentell erhaltenen Ergebnisse bedeuten allerdings nicht, dass sie einen Einfluss auf die Epizootiologie der EHV1/4-Infektionen sowie die Häufigkeit klinisch manifester Infektionen hätten. Die postvakzinale Antikörperbildung verläuft sehr heterogen (Wagner et al 2015) und Antikörper per se sind weder in der Lage, die postinfektionelle Virämie noch die Viruslatenz mit Reaktivierung und Virusausscheidung zu verhindern (AAEP 2012, 2001, Barquero et al 2007, Breathnach et al 2007, Lunn und Townsend 2000, Thein 2012a. Impfbedingte Antikörper (VNT, KBR) dürfen lediglich als mögliches Maß für Immunogenität des daraufhin geprüften Produktes beurteilt werden, nicht jedoch für dessen Wirksamkeit.…”

Section: -Aspects Of Infectious Medicineunclassified

Stock vaccination in the horse: Vaccination of horses at Governmental Main Stud Marbach/Lauter (1972–2015) – Aspects of infectious medicine

Thein¹,

Röhm²

2016

PHK

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Antibody and cellular immune responses of naïve mares to repeated vaccination with an inactivated equine herpesvirus vaccine

Cited by 31 publications

References 43 publications

Neonatal Immunization with a Single IL-4/Antigen Dose Induces Increased Antibody Responses after Challenge Infection with Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 (EHV-1) at Weanling Age

Neonatal Immunization with a Single IL-4/Antigen Dose Induces Increased Antibody Responses after Challenge Infection with Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 (EHV-1) at Weanling Age

Equine Arteritis Virus Elicits a Mucosal Antibody Response in the Reproductive Tract of Persistently Infected Stallions

Stock vaccination in the horse: Vaccination of horses at Governmental Main Stud Marbach/Lauter (1972–2015) – Aspects of infectious medicine

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