Antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii, Leishmania spp., and Leptospira spp. in Free-Ranging Six-Banded Armadillos (Euphractus sexcinctus) from Northeastern Brazil

Barbosa, Werona de Oliveira; Coelho, Thiago Galvão; Costa, Talita Otaviano da; Paiz, Laís Moraes; Fornazari, Felipe; Langoni, Hélio; Antunes, João Marcelo Azevedo de Paula; Freitas, Carlos Iberê Alves

doi:10.7589/2019-06-165

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Serological evidence of T . gondii infection in armadillos has been established in Brazil [ 30 , 31 ]. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study about T .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection in people with alcohol consumption in Durango, Mexico

Estrada-Martínez¹,

Pérez-Álamos²,

Ibarra-Segovia

et al. 2021

PLoS ONE

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The seroepidemiology of infection with Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) in alcohol consumers is largely undeveloped. In light of this, we sought to determine the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in alcohol consumers in Durango, Mexico, and the association of T. gondii seroprevalence with characteristics of the population studied. Anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies were searched in sera of participants using commercially available enzyme immunoassays. Bivariate and logistic regression analyses were then used to determine the association between T. gondii infection and the characteristics of the population studied. Of the 1544 people studied (mean age: 39.4±14.0 years), 173 (11.2%) tested positive for anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies. We were able to test 167 of the 173 anti-T. gondii IgG positive sera for anti-T. gondii IgM antibodies. Fifty-five (32.9%) of these 167 serum samples were positive for anti-T. gondii IgM antibodies. Bivariate analysis showed that visual impairment, history of surgery, and hepatitis were negatively associated with T. gondii IgG seropositivity (P<0.05). In women, seropositivity to T. gondii was positively associated with a history of pregnancy (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that T. gondii seropositivity was associated with the variables consumption of armadillo meat (OR = 2.33; 95% CI: 1.04–5.22; P = 0.03), and the use of latrines for elimination of excretes (OR = 2.27; 95% CI: 1.07–4.80; P = 0.03); and high (>150 IU/ml) anti-T. gondii IgG antibodies were associated with consumption of both armadillo meat (OR = 2.25; 95% CI: 1.01–5.02; P = 0.04) and crowding at home (OR = 1.63; 95% CI: 1.02–2.61; P = 0.03). We found a distinct T. gondii seroprevalence in people with alcohol consumption from those previously found in population groups in the region. This is the first study that illustrates the association between high anti-T. gondii antibodies and crowding in Mexico, and the second study on the association between T. gondii infection and consumption of armadillo meat and the use of latrines in this country. We conclude that epidemiology of T. gondii infection in people with alcohol consumption deserves further investigation.

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“…Serological evidence of T . gondii infection in armadillos has been established in Brazil [ 30 , 31 ]. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study about T .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…association for the second time in Mexico. Serological evidence of T. gondii infection in armadillos has been established in Brazil [30,31]. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study about T. gondii infection in armadillos in Mexico has been reported.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 97%

Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection in people with alcohol consumption in Durango, Mexico

Estrada-Martínez¹,

Pérez-Álamos²,

Ibarra-Segovia

et al. 2021

PLoS ONE

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Update of the Phlebotominae Fauna with New Records for Argentina and Observations on Leishmaniasis Transmission Scenarios at a Regional Scale

et al. 2021

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Phylogenetic and biogeographical traits predict unrecognized hosts of zoonotic leishmaniasis

Glidden

Murran

Silva

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Spatio-temporal distribution of leishmaniasis, a parasitic vector-borne zoonotic disease, is significantly impacted by land-use change and climate warming in the Americas. However, predicting and containing outbreaks is challenging as the zoonotic Leishmania system is highly complex: Leishmaniasis (visceral, cutaneous and muco-cutaneous) in humans is caused by up to 14 different Leishmania species, and the parasite is transmitted by dozens of sandfly species and is known to infect almost twice as many wildlife species. Despite the already broad known host range, new hosts are discovered almost annually and Leishmania transmission to humans occurs in absence of a known host. As such, the full range of Leishmania hosts is undetermined, inhibiting the use of ecological interventions limiting pathogen spread as well as accurately predicting the impact of global change on disease risk. Here, we employed a machine learning approach to generate trait profiles of known zoonotic Leishmania wildlife hosts (mammals that are naturally exposed and susceptible to infection) and used trait-profiles of known hosts to identify potentially unrecognized hosts. We found that biogeography, phylogenetic distance, and study effort best predicted Leishmania host status. Traits associated with global change, such as agricultural land-cover, urban land-cover, and climate, were among the top predictors of host status. Most notably, our analysis suggested zoonotic Leishmania hosts are significantly undersampled, as our model predicted just as many unrecognized hosts as unknown hosts. Overall, our analysis facilitates targeted surveillance strategies and improved understanding of the impact of global change on local transmission cycles.

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Antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii, Leishmania spp., and Leptospira spp. in Free-Ranging Six-Banded Armadillos (Euphractus sexcinctus) from Northeastern Brazil

Cited by 3 publications

References 12 publications

Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection in people with alcohol consumption in Durango, Mexico

Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection in people with alcohol consumption in Durango, Mexico

Update of the Phlebotominae Fauna with New Records for Argentina and Observations on Leishmaniasis Transmission Scenarios at a Regional Scale

Phylogenetic and biogeographical traits predict unrecognized hosts of zoonotic leishmaniasis

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