Antibodies to the Novel Human Pegivirus 2 Are Associated with Active and Resolved Infections

Coller, Kelly E.; Berg, Michael G.; Frankel, Matthew; Forberg, Kenn; Surani, Rita; Chiu, Charles Y.; Hackett, John; Dawson, George J.

doi:10.1128/jcm.00515-16

Cited by 23 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Affinity purification-mass spectrometry is a powerful method that allows discovery of viral-host protein-protein interactions in the absence of culture (Jäger et al, 2011;Greninger et al, 2012;Medina et al, 2017;Greene et al, 2016). For vertebrate viruses, serological assays have long been used to confirm roles in disease (O'Sullivan et al, 1997;Bao et al, 2011;Coller et al, 2016).…”

Section: Experimenting With Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A decade of RNA virus metagenomics is (not) enough

2018

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It is hard to overemphasize the role that metagenomics has had on our recent understanding of RNA virus diversity. Metagenomics in the 21st century has brought with it an explosion in the number of RNA virus species, genera, and families far exceeding that following the discovery of the microscope in the 18th century for eukaryotic life or culture media in the 19th century for bacteriology or the 20th century for virology. When the definition of success in organism discovery is measured by sequence diversity and evolutionary distance, RNA viruses win. This review explores the history of RNA virus metagenomics, reasons for the successes so far in RNA virus metagenomics, and methodological concerns. In addition, the review briefly covers clinical metagenomics and environmental metagenomics and highlights some of the critical accomplishments that have defined the fast pace of RNA virus discoveries in recent years. Slightly more than a decade in, the field is exhausted from its discoveries but knows that there is yet even more out there to be found.

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Section: Experimenting With Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A decade of RNA virus metagenomics is (not) enough

2018

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“…This is the first study to report HPgV‐2 infections on the African continent, with a seroprevalence of 10.6% amongst HCV RNA‐positive individuals in Cameroon, which is higher than the rates observed in the USA (2.6%‐3.31%) and China (1.23%) . Amongst HPgV‐2 seropositive individuals that we were able to test, 2/18 (11.1%) viremic infections were confirmed by two independent sequencing strategies (Figures and ), although this may be an underestimation of HPgV‐2 viremic cases and an overestimation of clearance due to specimen dilution prior to molecular characterization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…Since HPgV‐2 infections have predominantly been identified in viremic HCV co‐infected individuals, a subset of N = 264 HCV RNA‐positive specimens were screened for antibodies to HPgV‐2 NS4AB and E2 proteins (Figure ). Overall, N = 28 specimens were reactive in at least one antibody assay and N = 11 additional specimens had at least one grayzone result, giving a HPgV‐2 seroprevalence of 10.6% amongst HCV RNA‐positive specimens (Figure ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Human pegivirus 2 (HPgV‐2) is a newly identified virus that is most closely related to rodent and bat pegiviruses, sharing <32% amino acid identity with these relatives, HPgV‐2 infections have been identified in plasma specimens from the USA, UK, Germany, Iran and China, indicating that this virus is already present on at least 3 continents. The expansion of HPgV‐2 surveillance to additional parts of the world will determine the prevalence and extent of genetic diversity of HPgV‐2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The expansion of HPgV‐2 surveillance to additional parts of the world will determine the prevalence and extent of genetic diversity of HPgV‐2. Although the effects of HPgV‐2 on human health have not been determined, an association between the detection of HPgV‐2 RNA and HCV co‐infection has been observed …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hepatitis C virus surveillance and identification of human pegivirus 2 in a large Cameroonian cohort

Rodgers

Holzmayer

Vallari

et al. 2018

Journal of Viral Hepatitis

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The prevalence of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) and the presence of human pegivirus 2 (HPgV-2) have not been examined in Cameroon, although HCV has been associated with HPgV-2 infections previously. Herein we aimed to characterize the burden and genetic diversity of HCV and the presence of HPgV-2 in Cameroon. Retrospective plasma specimens collected from N = 12 369 consenting subjects in South Cameroon from 2013 to 2016 were included in the study. The majority (97.1%) of participants were patients seeking health care. All specimens were screened for HCV using the Abbott RealTime HCV viral load assay and positive specimens with remaining volume were also screened for HPgV-2 antibodies on the Abbott ARCHITECT instrument, followed by molecular characterization. Overall, HCV RNA was detected in 305 (2.47%; 95% CI: 2.21%-2.75%) specimens. Notably, the prevalence of HCV RNA was 9.09% amongst participants over age 40 and 3.81% amongst males. Phylogenetic classification of N = 103 HCV sequences identified genotypes 1 (19.4%), 2 (15.5%) and 4 (65.1%) within the study cohort. Amongst HCV RNA-positive specimens, N = 28 (10.6%; 95% CI: 7.44%-14.90%) specimens also had detectable HPgV-2 antibodies. Of these, N = 2 viremic HPgV-2 infections were confirmed by sequencing and shared 93-94 median % identity with strains found on other continents. This is the first study to determine the prevalence of chronic HCV in Cameroon, and the discovery of HPgV-2 in this study cohort expands the geography of HPgV-2 to the African continent, indicating a widespread distribution exists.

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Reconstruction of the historic time course of blood‐borne virus contamination of clotting factor concentrates, 1974–1992

McClure,

Kean,

Reid

et al. 2024

Journal of Medical Virology

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Factor VIII and IX clotting factor concentrates manufactured from pooled plasma have been identified as potent sources of virus infection in persons with hemophilia (PWHs) in the 1970s and 1980s. To investigate the range and diversity of viruses over this period, we analysed 24 clotting factor concentrates for several blood‐borne viruses. Nucleic acid was extracted from 14 commercially produced clotting factors and 10 from nonremunerated donors, preserved in lyophilized form (expiry dates: 1974–1992). Clotting factors were tested by commercial and in‐house quantitative PCRs for blood‐borne viruses hepatitis A, B, C and E viruses (HAV, HBV, HCV, HEV), HIV‐ types 1/2, parvoviruses B19V and PARV4, and human pegiviruses types 1 and 2 (HPgV‐1,‐2). HCV and HPgV‐1 were the most frequently detected viruses (both 14/24 tested) primarily in commercial clotting factors, with frequently extremely high viral loads in the late 1970s–1985 and a diverse range of HCV genotypes. Detection frequencies sharply declined following introduction of virus inactivation. HIV‐1, HBV, and HAV were less frequently detected (3/24, 1/24, and 1/24 respectively); none were positive for HEV. Contrastingly, B19V and PARV4 were detected throughout the study period, even after introduction of dry heat treatment, consistent with ongoing documented transmission to PWHs into the early 1990s. While hemophilia treatment is now largely based on recombinant factor VIII/IX in the UK and elsewhere, the comprehensive screen of historical plasma‐derived clotting factors reveals extensive exposure of PWHs to blood‐borne viruses throughout 1970s‐early 1990s, and the epidemiological and manufacturing parameters that influenced clotting factor contamination.

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Antibodies to the Novel Human Pegivirus 2 Are Associated with Active and Resolved Infections

Cited by 23 publications

References 26 publications

A decade of RNA virus metagenomics is (not) enough

A decade of RNA virus metagenomics is (not) enough

Hepatitis C virus surveillance and identification of human pegivirus 2 in a large Cameroonian cohort

Reconstruction of the historic time course of blood‐borne virus contamination of clotting factor concentrates, 1974–1992

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