Antibodies to Multiple Tick-Borne Pathogens of Babesiosis, Ehrlichiosis, and Lyme Borreliosis in White-Footed Mice

Magnarelli, Louis A.; Anderson, John F.; Stafford, Kirby C.; Dumler, J. Stephen

doi:10.7589/0090-3558-33.3.466

Cited by 110 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Most human cases may be relatively mild, judging from the high seroprevalence in some endemic areas in people with no history of flu-like illness (e.g. 33,34 ). There is probably a reporting bias toward more severe cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A simian model of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis.

Foley

Lerche²,

Dumler

et al. 1999

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. Following intravenous inoculation with horse blood-infected with the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) from a human fatality, two rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) exhibited pyrexia and lethargy on days 4-12 postinfection (PI). Hematology revealed neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia, with ehrlichial morulae in monocytes and neutrophils on days 4-12. Blood was polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive on days 4-12 and bone marrow was PCR-positive on day 11. There was a minor increase in gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase on day 12 and serum interferon-␥ levels increased by day 18. Seroconversion occurred on day 20 PI to a titer of 100 by day 22. Western blot bands characteristic of HGE included 25-, 44-, 80-, 94-, 105-, and 125-kD 10 The development of clinical signs appears to be largely host-species dependent. An early attempt to infect non-human primates with Ehrlichia equi was successful based on visualization of ehrlichial inclusions within the cytoplasm of neutrophils.3 However, that study was hampered by the lack of some diagnostic procedures such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing, cytokine assays, and other immunologic assays. Moreover, the investigators did not know at that time that E. equi or its close relative, the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE), was capable of producing life-threatening disease in humans. 1 In the present study, we report successful experimental infection of rhesus macaques with the HGE agent from a severely ill human case. This animal model of human disease is important for further studies of HGE diagnosis, management, and pathogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals and inoculation.Three rhesus macaques were pre-screened for ehrlichiosis by serology and E. equi-specific PCR. Monkey 312 was a 16-year-old reproductively intact female who had been used previously for breeding and a teratogenesis study (zinc deprivation). Monkey 121 was a 17-year-old intact female with a history of use for breeding and anti-progestin drug studies. Monkey 324 was a 14-yearold intact female from the breeding colony. Monkeys 121 and 312 were inoculated intravenously with fresh horse blood containing 2 ϫ 10 6 neutrophils of which 15% contained HGE agent strain BDS inclusions (morulae); monkey 324 was control-inoculated with 2 ϫ 10 6 uninfected horse neutrophils. All monkeys were monitored twice a day for clinical signs of disease, including lethargy, inappetance, and depression. Rectal temperature was assessed at the time of each blood sample collection. Blood samples were collected every two days into tubes containing EDTA for Wright-Giemsa staining and PCR and without anticoagulant for serology and serum chemistry. Bone marrow aspirates were performed on days 3, 11, and 14 postinfection (PI) and submitted for cytology and PCR. On day 21 PI, monkeys 121 and 324 were killed with an intravenous overdose of barbiturate and necropsied. Samples from tissues were either snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen for PCR or fixed overnight in 10% buffered forma...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A simian model of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis.

Foley

Lerche²,

Dumler

et al. 1999

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Although more than one pathogen has not been identified in a single tick from California, there is evidence elsewhere in the United States that a single I. scapularis can be coinfected with B. burgdorferi and the HGE agent, 31 and that patients may suffer simultaneously from more than one tick-borne disease. [32][33][34] Further studies need to be conducted in California to detect this phenomenon, define the distribution of ticks infected with ehrlichiae, and determine the reservoirs of these disease agents.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of the agents of human ehrlichioses in ixodid ticks from California.

Kramer¹,

Randolph²,

Hui³

et al. 1999

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract.A study was conducted in northern California to estimate the prevalence and distribution in ixodid ticks of the rickettsial agents of human monocytic (HME) and human granulocytic (HGE) ehrlichioses. More than 650 ixodid ticks were collected from 17 sites in six California counties over a 15-month period. Ehrlichia chaffeensis, the causative agent of HME, was detected by a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in Ixodes pacificus (minimum infection rate [MIR] ϭ 13.3%) and Dermacentor variabilis (infection rateϭ20.

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“…mantendo a espiroqueta no ambiente silvestre , Steere 1989, Coyle 1993, Magnarelli et al 1995a). Na América do Norte, o veado da cauda branca (Odocoileus virginianus) é o principal reservatório (Bosler 1993, Magnarelli et al 1995a, embora outras espécies possam atuar como o Cervus nippon yesoensis (Kimura et al 1995). Portanto, os cervídeos são sentinelas epidemiológicas nesta enfermidade (Gill et al 1994).…”

Section: V V V V Borreliose Em Animais Sil Borreliose Em Animaisunclassified

“…Esse fenômeno foi melhor compreendido com os estudos da borreliose de Lyme, partindo-se de Ixodes dammini (= I. scapularis) (Oliver Jr et al 1993), e demais espécies de Ixodes vetores de B. burgdorferi "lato sensu" , Mather & Mather 1990) e quando da sua associação com babesiose e ehrlichiose (Spielman et al 1979, 1985, Piesman et al 1986, Spach et al 1993, Magnarelli et al 1995a.…”

Section: Introdução I Introdução I Introdução I Introdução I Iunclassified

Borrelioses, agentes e vetores

et al. 2000

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1 RESUMO RESUMO RESUMO RESUMO RESUMO.-As borrelioses são enfermidades infecciosas determinadas por espiroquetas do gênero Borrelia, agentes transmissíveis, principalmente, por carrapatos aos animais e/ou ao homem. Nesta revisão são apresentadas e discutidas as enfermidades determinadas por borrélias, bem como as características gerais das espiroquetas, os aspectos relacionados a transmissão por artrópodes, as enfermidades nos animais domésticos e silvestres, quanto aos aspectos bioló-gicos e patológicos, a doença de Lyme como principal zoonose do grupo, a associação de borrélia com outros agentes hematozoários e os métodos diagnósticos e a epidemiologia comparativa entre dados obtidos no Brasil com os de outros países. Estas borrelioses possuem características patológicas, clínicas e epidemiológicas variadas de acordo à região fisiográ-fica, devido à existência de distintas espécies, genoespécies e cepas; estes aspectos variam ainda em função dos artrópodes vetores, da interação vetor-patógeno e dos ecossistemas distintos.TERMOS DE INDEXAÇÃO: Borreliose, carrapatos, Borrelia spp., febre recurrente, borreliose aviária, borreliose bovina, doença de Lyme, aborto epizoótico bovino.

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Antibodies to Multiple Tick-Borne Pathogens of Babesiosis, Ehrlichiosis, and Lyme Borreliosis in White-Footed Mice

Cited by 110 publications

References 18 publications

A simian model of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis.

A simian model of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis.

Detection of the agents of human ehrlichioses in ixodid ticks from California.

Borrelioses, agentes e vetores

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