Antibodies to mouse laminin in patients with systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) recognize galactosyl (αl-3)-galactose epitopes

Gabrielli, Armando; Candela, Marco; Ricciatti, A. M.; Caniglia, Maria Luisa; Wieslander, Jörgen

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.1991.tb02939.x

Cited by 25 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The Gal epitope has also been found on cell associated glycoproteins and glycolipids [23,24], secreted glycoproteins including thyroglobulin, fibrinogen, and immunoglobulin G (IgG) [25,26], and basement membrane proteins such as laminin [27]. Humans and Old World monkeys do not normally express the Gal epitope due to two frameshift mutations in the the α1,3-galactosyl-transferase gene [28,29], and produce large amounts of anti-Gal antibodies (Ab), including IgG, IgM, and IgA [21,[30][31][32][33], as a result of the constant exposure to intestinal bacteria that carry the Gal epitope. It has been estimated that up to 1% of circulating human IgG is anti-Gal [21,31].…”

Section: The Gal Epitopementioning

confidence: 99%

Immune response to biologic scaffold materials

Badylak¹,

Gilbert²

2008

Seminars in Immunology

753

618

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Biologic scaffold materials composed of mammalian extracellular matrix are commonly used in regenerative medicine and in surgical procedures for the reconstruction of numerous tissue and organs. These biologic materials are typically allogeneic or xenogeneic in origin and are derived from tissues such as small intestine, urinary bladder, dermis, and pericardium. The innate and acquired host immune response to these biologic materials and the effect of the immune response upon downstream remodeling events has been largely unexplored. Variables that affect the host response include manufacturing processes, the rate of scaffold degradation, and the presence of cross species antigens. This manuscript provides an overview of studies that have evaluated the immune response to biologic scaffold materials and variables that affect this response.

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Section: The Gal Epitopementioning

confidence: 99%

Immune response to biologic scaffold materials

Badylak¹,

Gilbert²

2008

Seminars in Immunology

753

618

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“…10,11 Humans and Old World monkeys do not normally express the Gal epitope due to two frameshift mutations in the a 1,3-galactosyltransferase gene, 12,13 but produce large amounts of anti-Gal antibodies (Ab) including immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgM, and IgA. [14][15][16][17][18] Up to 1% of circulating human IgG is anti-Gal. 16,17 Adult human serum typically exhibits an anti-Gal titer of at least 1:800, as measured by rabbit erythrocyte rosetting 16 ; this activity may be equally divided between IgG and IgM.…”

Section: Introduction S M All Intes Tin Al Su B M U C Os a (Sis) Is Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Galα(1,3)Gal Epitope in Porcine Small Intestinal Submucosa

et al. 2000

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Small intestinal submucosa (SIS) is a naturally occurring, acellular biomaterial derived from porcine jejunum, which promotes constructive tissue remodeling when applied as a xenogeneic graft material. Galactosyl-alpha(1,3)galactose (Gal) is a cell-associated epitope responsible for hyperacute rejection of porcine whole-organ xenografts in primates. Because SIS is harvested from porcine tissue, it may contain the Gal epitope. The goals of this study were to determine if Gal is present in SIS and, if it is present, to determine if human serum complement can be activated in vitro following exposure to porcine-derived SIS. SIS was probed for Gal by immunohistochemical methods and by lectin-peroxidase staining. SIS stained strongly positive with human serum, which contains naturally occurring antibodies to Gal, followed by anti-immunoglobulin G (IgG) or anti-IgM peroxidase conjugate. Blocking with the lectin I-B(4), which is specific for the Gal epitope, decreased the intensity of staining. Exposure of SIS to alpha-galactosidase reduced staining to negligible amounts. The Gal epitope is distributed transmurally throughout the SIS material. Subtyping of the immunoglobulins that bind to SIS showed that IgG(2) is the major immunoglobulin of human plasma that binds to SIS. SIS did not activate complement in vitro as measured by radioimmunoassay for C3a.

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“…When followed over time, only 22% of patients with a variety of inner ear disorders and antilaminin antibodies improved 20 . Studies with sera from patients with Chagas' disease, leishmaniasis, and scleroderma have demonstrated that the circulating antibodies recognize galactosyl (α1‐3)‐galactose epitopes on mouse laminin 25,26 . Anti‐laminin antibodies specific for this mouse epitope were also found in the sera of patients with inner ear diseases 27 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%