Antibodies to measles, mumps and rubella in UK children 4 years after vaccination with different MMR vaccines

Miller, Elizabeth; Hill, Anthony; Morgan‐Capner, P.; Forsey, T.; Rush, M

doi:10.1016/0264-410x(94)00086-3

Cited by 81 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Only the result of one study from Saudi Arabia was similar to our study (19). The seroprevalence of measles antibodies in our study in both groups were lower than other studies worldwide (1,4,12,15,20,21).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 84%

Seroprevalence of measles, mumps and rubella Antibodies in 18 months and 6.5 years old children: 6 months after measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination

Shamsizadeh

Nikfar

Makvandi

et al. 2012

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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This study determined the level of immunity after MMR vaccination in 18 months and 6 years old children.Background: Mumps, measles and rubella viruses lead to various kinds of complications such as meningoencephalitis, deafness, congenital abnormalities and even cause mortality in malnourished patients,. Since 2004, MMR vaccination in two series of one year of age and four to six years has been administered to Iranian children as a part of routine vaccination program. Recently, MMR vaccination schedule has been changed to one year and 18 months series. Objectives: Since MMR vaccine has been recently entered childhood vaccination program, this study was performed to determine immunity response against mumps, measles and rubella six months after one year and four to six years of age vaccination. Patients and Methods:In a cross-sectional study, antibody titers after MMR vaccination at 18 months (six months after dose of one year) in 70 children, and at 6.5 years (six month after dose of six years) in 90 children referred to Ahvaz Abuzar Children's Hospital Vaccination Clinic during 2007-2008 were detected by ELISA method. Results: In 70 children (34 boys and 36 girls) who were vaccinated at one year, 30 (42.9 %) had antibody against measles, 63 (90 %) against rubella and 41 (58.6 %) against mumps. In 90 children (54 boys and 36 girls at 6.5 years of age (six months after vaccination), 41 (45.6%) children had antibody against measles, 79 (87.8 %) against rubella and 69 (76.7%) against mumps. Conclusions: the results of this study showed that after MMR vaccination, the level of antibody for measles was about 45 % and for mumps about 50-80 %. This level of immunity is not acceptable for successful vaccination. while the level of antibody against rubella was sufficient. For better evaluation of MMR vaccination, further studies and from other parts of the country is needed.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 84%

Seroprevalence of measles, mumps and rubella Antibodies in 18 months and 6.5 years old children: 6 months after measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination

Shamsizadeh

Nikfar

Makvandi

et al. 2012

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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“…We also observed that the presence of afebrile upper respiratory tract infection at the time of MMR vaccination did not interfere with the response to the rubella component of the vaccine (22). In the present cross sectional study, for children up to eight years of age our result of 96.1% immunity against rubella is only slightly lower than that of the 98% to 99% immunity levels cited above for five-to seven-year-old children (9,21). Beyond eight years of age, however, there is a clear indication of a sharp decline in the proportion immune (Table 1).…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 59%

“…In a related study of school-aged children in Quebec, the proportion immune to rubella still remained quite high, in the range of 94% to 98% at five to six years post-MMR II vaccination (9). In a recent study of five-year-old British children, over 99% of vaccinees had protective immunity against rubella at four years post-MMR II vaccination (21). We also observed that the presence of afebrile upper respiratory tract infection at the time of MMR vaccination did not interfere with the response to the rubella component of the vaccine (22).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rubella Antibody Levels in School‐Aged Children in Newfoundland: Implications for a Two‐Dose Rubella Vaccination Strategy

Ratnam

West

Gadag

et al. 1996

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiolog

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S RATNAM, R WEST, V GADAG, B WILLIAMS, E OATES. Rubella antibody levels in school-aged children inNewfoundland: Implications for a two-dose rubella vaccination strategy. Can J Infect Dis 1997;8(2):85-88. OBJECTIVE:To determine the prevailing levels of rubella immunity among school-aged children who received a single dose of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine at one year of age. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study with a two stage cluster sampling of randomly picked schools across the province of Newfoundland. STUDY POPULATION AND METHODS:A total of 1053, five to 17-year-old children were enrolled; vaccination history was verified through official records; and a sample of blood was taken. Rubella immunity was determined by enzyme immunoassay based on a serum antibody protective cut-off titre of more than 10 IU. RESULTS: A total of 145 (13.8%) were found to be nonimmune. The rate of susceptibility ranged from 3.2% to 25.9% for different age groups. The proportion susceptible was significantly higher at 16.5% in the age group eight to 17 years old versus 3.9% for the age group five to eight years old (χ 2 =24.08; df=1, P<0.001). There was a significant regression of logarithm titre values on the age of children with an average decline in titre values of 8.1% per annum. CONCLUSIONS: A substantial number of those who were given a single dose of MMR II vaccine may not have protective immunity against rubella as they reach prime reproductive age. There is a definite need to consider a two-dose rubella vaccination strategy in Canada, and these data suggest the second dose given after eight years of age will be most beneficial. In the move towards a routine two-dose measles vaccination strategy in Canada, the MMR II vaccine is being used for the second dose and given either at 18 months of age or at school entry. While this approach will have an overall beneficial effect, the impact of the above timing of the second dose on long term rubella immunity cannot be predicted at this time. These data also underscore the continuing need for prenatal rubella screening program.

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“…In contrast, screening for IgG antibody levels to inactivated tetanus vaccine showed that, on average, 80% of this population was fully protected and that this high level of protection remained through the teenage years. This study suggests that within this population a considerable proportion of individuals had low measles antibody levels that may be insufficient to protect against reinfections or clinical disease.In the early 1960s, the advent of a live attenuated measles virus (MV) vaccine dramatically reduced the incidence of measles in many parts of the world, including developed (12,16,20,29,30,35,49,52) and developing (28, 58) countries. In some developing countries, fatality rates for measles can still be as high as 15%, causing about 770,000 annual deaths among infants and children, and this is probably due to lack of vaccination of many individuals in the population.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the early 1960s, the advent of a live attenuated measles virus (MV) vaccine dramatically reduced the incidence of measles in many parts of the world, including developed (12,16,20,29,30,35,49,52) and developing (28, 58) countries. In some developing countries, fatality rates for measles can still be as high as 15%, causing about 770,000 annual deaths among infants and children, and this is probably due to lack of vaccination of many individuals in the population.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Measles Virus-Specific Antibody Levels in Individuals in Argentina Who Received a One-Dose Vaccine

et al. 2006

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In spite of active measles virus (MV) vaccination strategies, reemergence continues to occur, impairing global eradication programs. The immune status against measles was evaluated in 350 vaccinated healthy Argentine children and teenagers who received a single dose of the MV Schwarz strain Lirugen vaccine (Aventis Pasteur). Sera were assessed for immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies by a commercial enzyme immunoassay (EIA) (Enzygnost; Behring), an in-house EIA, and neutralization EIA. Results obtained with these methods showed a marked decline in IgG level with increasing age. At 1 to 4 years of age, 84% of children had IgG antibodies above 200 mIU/ml, conventionally accepted as protective levels, whereas only 32% of older children and teenagers had antibody levels exceeding 200 mIU/ml. Moreover, the MV IgG content in the teenage group was significantly lower than the IgG antibody level of the group of younger children (P < 0.0001). In contrast, screening for IgG antibody levels to inactivated tetanus vaccine showed that, on average, 80% of this population was fully protected and that this high level of protection remained through the teenage years. This study suggests that within this population a considerable proportion of individuals had low measles antibody levels that may be insufficient to protect against reinfections or clinical disease.In the early 1960s, the advent of a live attenuated measles virus (MV) vaccine dramatically reduced the incidence of measles in many parts of the world, including developed (12,16,20,29,30,35,49,52) and developing (28, 58) countries. In some developing countries, fatality rates for measles can still be as high as 15%, causing about 770,000 annual deaths among infants and children, and this is probably due to lack of vaccination of many individuals in the population.Elimination of MV requires the continued commitment to increase vaccination coverage levels, the genetic analysis of circulating strains, and serosurveys of vaccinated individuals to establish the population at risk of contracting the infection. In this context, it is very important that reliable and sensitive laboratory methods are used to accurately determine the antibody level and protection achieved after vaccination and the level of antibodies that persists in those who were previously vaccinated.Despite active vaccination strategies, reemergence or resurgence of MV continues to occur, impairing elimination programs. The occurrence of several measles outbreaks in highly immunized populations (5, 34, 40, 51) has focused attention on vaccine efficacy and the durability of vaccine-induced immunity. It is likely that many factors contribute to the presence of susceptible individuals among highly vaccinated populations. These include failure to seroconvert and decline of immunity with time after vaccination (19, 37). Other important factors that might influence the immune response comprise the age at the time of vaccination (27, 33), the number of doses, and the strain included in the vaccine (18,23,28).High vacci...

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Antibodies to measles, mumps and rubella in UK children 4 years after vaccination with different MMR vaccines

Cited by 81 publications

References 9 publications

Seroprevalence of measles, mumps and rubella Antibodies in 18 months and 6.5 years old children: 6 months after measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination

Seroprevalence of measles, mumps and rubella Antibodies in 18 months and 6.5 years old children: 6 months after measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination

Rubella Antibody Levels in School‐Aged Children in Newfoundland: Implications for a Two‐Dose Rubella Vaccination Strategy

Measles Virus-Specific Antibody Levels in Individuals in Argentina Who Received a One-Dose Vaccine

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