Antibodies to Influenza A Viruses in Wintering Snow Geese (<i>Chen caerulescens</i>) in Texas

Wong, J.K.; Wilcox, Benjamin R.; Fojtik, Alinde; Poulson, Rebecca L.; Stallknecht, David E.

doi:10.1637/11104-042115-regr

Cited by 13 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…All serum samples were analyzed using the AI MultiS-Screen Ab ELISA kit (cELISA, IDEXX, Westbrook, ME, USA) according to manufacturer's recommendations. Samples were also tested by microneutralization (MN) assays as previously described [ 26 ]; the viruses A/mallard/MN/AI10-2593/2010 (H3N8), A/mallard/MN/AI10-3208/2010 (H4N6), and A/mallard/MN/SG-01048/2008 (H6N1) were used as antigens.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterosubtypic immunity increases infectious dose required to infect Mallard ducks with Influenza A virus

et al. 2018

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Previous field and experimental studies have demonstrated that heterosubtypic immunity (HSI) is a potential driver of Influenza A virus (IAV) prevalence and subtype diversity in mallards. Prior infection with IAV can reduce viral shedding during subsequent reinfection with IAV that have genetically related hemagglutinins (HA). In this experiment, we evaluated the effect of HSI conferred by an H3N8 IAV infection against increasing challenge doses of closely (H4N6) and distantly (H6N2) related IAV subtypes in mallards. Two groups of thirty 1-month-old mallards each, were inoculated with 105.9 50% embryo infectious doses (EID50) of an H3N8 virus or a mock-inoculum. One month later, groups of five birds each were challenged with increasing doses of H4N6 or H6N2 virus; age-matched, single infection control ducks were included for all challenges. Results demonstrate that naïve birds were infected after inoculation with 103 and 104 EID50 doses of the H4N6 or H6N2 virus, but not with 102 EID50 doses of either IAV. In contrast, with birds previously infected with H3N8 IAV, only one duck challenged with 104 EID50 of H4N6 IAV was shedding viral RNA at 2 days post-inoculation, and with H6N2 IAV, only birds challenged with the 104 EID50 dose were positive to virus isolation. Viral shedding in ducks infected with H6N2 IAV was reduced on days 2 and 3 post-inoculation compared to control birds. To explain the differences in the dose necessary to produce infection among H3-primed ducks challenged with H4N6 or H6N2 IAV, we mapped the amino acid sequence changes between H3 and H4 or H6 HA on predicted three-dimensional structures. Most of the sequence differences occurred between H3 and H6 at antigenic sites A, B, and D of the HA1 region. These findings demonstrate that the infectious dose necessary to infect mallards with IAV can increase as a result of HSI and that this effect is most pronounced when the HA of the viruses are genetically related.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterosubtypic immunity increases infectious dose required to infect Mallard ducks with Influenza A virus

et al. 2018

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“…Samples with signal-to-noise ratio values ≤0.5 were considered positive to Influenza A virus nucleoprotein (NP). Sera also were tested by microneutralization (MN) as previously described [32]. Viruses used as antigens for MN assays included A/mallard/NJ/AI10-4263/2010 (H1N1), A/mallard/MN/AI08-2755/2008 (H2N3), A/mallard/MN/AI10-2593/2010 (H3N8), A/mallard/MN/AI10-3208/2010 (H4N6), A/mallard/MN/AI11-3933/2011 (H5N1), A/mallard/MN/SG-01048/2008 (H6N1), A/mallard/MN/AI09-3770/2009 (H7N9), A/mallard/MN/AI08 2721/2008 (H8N4), A/RUTU/NJ/AI07-293/2007 (H9N1), A/RUTU/DE/AI11-809/2011 (H9N2), A/mallard/MN/SG-00999/2008 (H10N7), A/mallard/MN/SG-00930/2008 (H11N9), A/mallard/MN/SG-3285/2007 (H12N5), A/blue-winged teal/TX/AI13-1028/2013 (H14N5), and A/wedge-tailed shearwater/Western Australia/2327/1983 (H15N6).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Heterosubtypic Immunity to Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses in Experimentally Infected Mallards

et al. 2017

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Mallards are widely recognized as reservoirs for Influenza A viruses (IAV); however, host factors that might prompt seasonality and trends in subtype diversity of IAV such as adaptive heterosubtypic immunity (HSI) are not well understood. To investigate this, we inoculated mallards with a prevailing H3N8 low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV) subtype in waterfowl to determine if prior infection with this virus would be protective against heterosubtypic infections with the H4N6, H10N7 and H14N5 LPAIV subtypes after one, two and three months, respectively. Also, we investigated the effect of cumulative immunity after sequential inoculation of mallards with these viruses in one-month intervals. Humoral immunity was assessed by microneutralization assays using a subset of representative LPAIV subtypes as antigens. Our results indicate that prior inoculation with the H3N8 virus confers partial protective immunity against subsequent heterosubtypic infections with the robustness of HSI related to the phylogenetic similarity of the HA protein of the strains used. Furthermore, induced HSI was boosted and followed by repeated exposure to more than one LPAIV subtype. Our findings provide further information on the contributions of HSI and its role in the dynamics of IAV subtype diversity in mallards.

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“…Sera samples ( n = 203) were first tested for antibodies to the IAV NP using a commercial bELISA (AI MultiS‐Screen antibody test kit; IDEXX Laboratories, Westbrook, ME) following manufacturer guidelines. A subset of 113 sera samples for which serum‐sample‐to‐negative‐control (S/N) absorbance values were <0.5 (indicating previous exposure to IAV) were subsequently tested for antibodies to 14 IAV subtypes using a microneutralization (MN) assay as previously described (Wong, Wilcox, Fojtik, Poulson, & Stallknecht, ). Antigens included A/mallard/Minnesota/AI12‐4823/2012 (H1N1), A/mallard/Minnesota/AI08‐2755/2008 (H2N3), A/mallard/Minnesota/AI10‐2593/2010 (H3N8), A/mallard/Minnesota/AI10‐3208/2010 (H4N6), A/mallard/Minnesota/AI11‐3933/2011 (H5N1), A/mallard/Minnesota/Sg‐00796/2008 (H6N1), A/mallard/Minnesota/AI08‐3770/2009 (H7N9), A/mallard/Minnesota/Sg‐01048/2008 (H8N4), A/ruddy turnstone/Delaware/AI11‐809/2011 (H9N2), A/mallard/Minnesota/Sg‐00999/2008 (H10N7), A/mallard/Minnesota/Sg‐00930/2008 (H11N9), A/mallard/Minnesota/AI07‐3285/2007 (H12N5), A/blue‐winged teal/Texas/AI13‐1028/2013 (H14N5) and A/wedge‐tailed shearwater/Western Australia/2327/1983 (H15N6).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emperor geese ( Anser canagicus ) are exposed to a diversity of influenza A viruses, are infected during the non‐breeding period and contribute to intercontinental viral dispersal

Ramey

Uher‐Koch

Reeves

et al. 2019

Transbound Emerg Dis

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Emperor geese (Anser canagicus) are endemic to coastal areas within Beringia and have previously been found to have antibodies to or to be infected with influenza A viruses (IAVs) in Alaska. In this study, we use virological, serological and tracking data to further elucidate the role of emperor geese in the ecology of IAVs in Beringia during the non‐breeding period. Specifically, we assess evidence for: (a) active IAV infection during spring staging, autumn staging and wintering periods; (b) infection with novel Eurasian‐origin or interhemispheric reassortant viruses; (c) contemporary movement of geese between East Asia and North America; (d) previous exposure to viruses of 14 haemagglutinin subtypes, including Eurasian lineage highly pathogenic (HP) H5 IAVs; and (e) subtype‐specific antibody seroconversion and seroreversion. Emperor geese were found to shed IAVs, including interhemispheric reassortant viruses, throughout the non‐breeding period; migrate between Alaska and the Russian Far East prior to and following remigial moult; have antibodies reactive to a diversity of IAVs including, in a few instances, Eurasian lineage HP H5 IAVs; and exhibit relatively broad and stable patterns of population immunity among breeding females. Results of this study suggest that emperor geese may play an important role in the maintenance and dispersal of IAVs within Beringia during the non‐breeding period and provide information that may be used to further optimize surveillance activities focused on the early detection of Eurasian‐origin IAVs in North America.

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Antibodies to Influenza A Viruses in Wintering Snow Geese (Chen caerulescens) in Texas

Cited by 13 publications

References 17 publications

Heterosubtypic immunity increases infectious dose required to infect Mallard ducks with Influenza A virus

Heterosubtypic immunity increases infectious dose required to infect Mallard ducks with Influenza A virus

Adaptive Heterosubtypic Immunity to Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses in Experimentally Infected Mallards

Emperor geese ( Anser canagicus ) are exposed to a diversity of influenza A viruses, are infected during the non‐breeding period and contribute to intercontinental viral dispersal

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