Antibodies to antigens of Histoplasma, Blastomyces and Candida in HIV patients and carriers in Nigeria

Muotoe-Okafor, Florence A.; Gugnani, H. C.; Gugnani, A.; Okafor, Godfrey

doi:10.1046/j.1439-0507.2000.00568.x

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…It is usually a late and fatal complication of HIV infection (Pappas et al , 1992). In 60 Nigerian HIV‐infected subjects antibodies to Blastomyces dermatitidis were not detected, indicating in this population infection is rare (Muotoe‐Okafor et al , 2000). Rhinocerebral zygomycosis may be associated with HIV disease, however, up to 73% of 28 reported cases were associated with intravenous recreational drug use (Van den Saffele and Boelaert, 1996).…”

Section: Fungal Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Orofacial histoplasmosis infection in HIV‐1‐ and HIV‐2‐infected subjects in non‐endemic areas may be attributed to activation of disease contracted while in an endemic area, including Africa ( Chinn et al , 1995 ; Eichmann and Shar, 1996 ; Warnakulasuriya et al , 1997 ; Shofer and Baur, 1998). Antibodies to antigens of histoplasma may be detected in 12% of HIV‐positive patients without clinical signs of infection in Nigeria ( Muotoe‐Okafor et al , 2000 ). However, few case reports of oral lesions alone or secondary to disseminated histoplasmosis infection document presentations in Africa ( Olasoji et al , 1999 ).…”

Section: Fungal Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oral fungal and bacterial infections in HIV‐infected individuals: an overview in Africa

Hodgson

Rachanis

2002

Oral Diseases

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Oral opportunistic infections developing secondary to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have been reported from the early days of the epidemic and have been classified by both the EC-Clearinghouse and the World Health Organisation (WHO). Among the fungal infections, oral candidiasis, presenting in African HIV-infected patients has been sporadically documented. We review the literature with respect to candidal carriage, oral candidiasis prevalence and the predictive value of oral candidiasis for a diagnosis of underlying HIV disease in African HIV-infected patients. The use of oral candidiasis as a marker of disease progression, the species of yeasts isolated from the oral cavity in Africa and the resistance of the yeasts to antifungal agents and treatment regimens are discussed. Orofacial lesions as manifestations of the systemic mycoses are rarely seen in isolation and few cases are reported in the literature from Africa. In spite of the high incidence of noma, tuberculosis, chronic osteomyelitis and syphilis in Africa, surprisingly there have been very few reported cases of the oral manifestations of these diseases in HIV-positive individuals. Orofacial disease in HIV-infected patients is associated with marked morbidity, which is compounded by malnutrition. The authors indicate specific research areas, initially directed at the most effective management strategies, which would complete data in this important area.

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Section: Fungal Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Fungal Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral fungal and bacterial infections in HIV‐infected individuals: an overview in Africa

Hodgson

Rachanis

2002

Oral Diseases

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“…The burden of Histoplasma capsulatum is sparsely documented in sub-Saharan Africa, including in Kenya where histoplasmosis has been recognised as a priority disease of national public health concern [1,2]. Histoplasmin skin sensitivity surveys conducted in a limited number of countries in sub-Saharan Africa have recorded test positivity rates between 0.0 and 35.0% in populations with variable demographic and clinical characteristics [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. These findings indicate that H. capsulatum is present within this geographic region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of Histoplasma capsulatum seropositivity and exploration of risk factors for exposure in Busia county, western Kenya: Analysis of the PAZ dataset

et al. 2023

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Background Despite recognition of histoplasmosis as a disease of national public health concern in Kenya, the burden of Histoplasma capsulatum in the general population remains unknown. This study examined the human seroprevalence of anti-Histoplasma antibody and explored associations between seropositivity and demographic and environmental variables, in Busia county, western Kenya. Methodology Biobanked serum samples and associated data, from a previous cross-sectional survey, were examined. Latex agglutination tests to detect the presence of anti-Histoplasma antibody were performed on serum samples from 670 survey respondents, representing 178 households within 102 sub-locations. Potential epidemiologic risk factors for H. capsulatum exposure were explored using multi-level multivariable logistic regression analysis with household and sub-location included as random effects. Principal findings The apparent sample seroprevalence of anti-Histoplasma antibody was 15.5% (n = 104/670, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 12.9–18.5%). A multivariable logistic regression model identified increased odds of H. capsulatum seropositivity in respondents reporting rats within the household within the previous 12 months (OR = 2.99 90% CI 1.04–8.55, p = 0.04). Compared to respondents aged 25–34 years, the odds of seropositivity were higher in respondents aged 15–24 years (OR = 2.70 90% CI 1.04–6.97, p = 0.04). Conclusions The seroprevalence result provides a baseline for sample size approximations for future epidemiologic studies of the burden of H. capsulatum exposure in Busia county. The final model explored theoretically plausible risk factors for H. capsulatum exposure in the region. A number of factors may contribute to the complex epidemiological picture impacting H. capsulatum exposure status at the human-animal-environment interface in western Kenya. Focussed H. capsulatum research is warranted to determine the contextual significance of identified associations, and in representative sample populations.

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“…The oral lesions found in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) can be fungal (Moutoc‐Okafor et al , 2000; Aarestrup et al , 2001), viral (Bader et al , 1978; Itin and Lautenschlager, 1997) and bacterial in origin (Pindborg, 1989; Reichart, 1997; Narani and Epstein, 2001). The most common lesions of the oral mucosa, associated with HIV, according to Greenspan and Greenspan (1996), are candidiasis, hairy leukoplakia, herpetic gingivo‐stomatitis, aphthous ulceration, necrotizing gingivitis, pigmented macules, Kaposi's sarcoma and periodontal diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oro‐facial lesions and CD4 counts associated with HIV/AIDS in an adult population in Oyo State, Nigeria

Adurogbangba¹,

Ga²,

Odaibo

et al. 2004

Oral Diseases

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The type of oro-facial lesions most commonly associated with HIV/AIDS in Oyo state, Nigeria, has been shown to be pseudomembranous oral candidiasis. This was followed by angular cheilitis. These lesions, although found in HIV-negative subjects, were in a lower proportion as compared with HIV-positive subjects. Mean CD4 counts were lower in HIV-positive subjects and this was associated with greater prevalence of oro-facial candidiasis and angular cheilitis.

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Antibodies to antigens of Histoplasma, Blastomyces and Candida in HIV patients and carriers in Nigeria

Cited by 8 publications

References 10 publications

Oral fungal and bacterial infections in HIV‐infected individuals: an overview in Africa

Oral fungal and bacterial infections in HIV‐infected individuals: an overview in Africa

Evidence of Histoplasma capsulatum seropositivity and exploration of risk factors for exposure in Busia county, western Kenya: Analysis of the PAZ dataset

Oro‐facial lesions and CD4 counts associated with HIV/AIDS in an adult population in Oyo State, Nigeria

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