Antibodies as Diagnostic Targets and as Reagents for Diagnostics

Trier, Nicole Hartwig

doi:10.3390/antib9020015

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…The two peptide-specific CRT Abs recognized epitopes in the N-or C-terminal end of wt CRT, thus, the CRT mAbs reacted to the synthetic peptides as well as the native Ags (Figures 1 and 2), which is a crucial factor defining a well-functioning Ab [25][26][27]. Moreover, these findings indicate that the epitopes of the CRT mAbs are located in surface-accessible and flexible regions, which is typical for many Abs recognizing linear epitopes [40,42,43] and which is confirmed by comparison with published CRT structures [16,17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Antibodies (Abs) in general are crucial reagents in the study of the biological and immunological functions of proteins and other macromolecules, and monoclonal Abs (mAbs) and peptide Abs have revolutionized molecular and cellular biology [25][26][27][28]. The importance of Abs as reagents applies in particular to CRT and CRTfs, due to their unusual structures and many diverse functions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epitope Mapping of Monoclonal Antibodies to Calreticulin Reveals That Charged Amino Acids Are Essential for Antibody Binding

et al. 2021

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Calreticulin is a chaperone protein, which is associated with myeloproliferative diseases. In this study, we used resin-bound peptides to characterize two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) directed to calreticulin, mAb FMC 75 and mAb 16, which both have significantly contributed to understanding the biological function of calreticulin. The antigenicity of the resin-bound peptides was determined by modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Specific binding was determined to an 8-mer epitope located in the N-terminal (amino acids 34–41) and to a 12-mer peptide located in the C-terminal (amino acids 362–373). Using truncated peptides, the epitopes were identified as TSRWIESK and DEEQRLKEEED for mAb FMC 75 and mAb 16, respectively, where, especially the charged amino acids, were found to have a central role for a stable binding. Further studies indicated that the epitope of mAb FMC 75 is assessable in the oligomeric structure of calreticulin, making this epitope a potential therapeutic target.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epitope Mapping of Monoclonal Antibodies to Calreticulin Reveals That Charged Amino Acids Are Essential for Antibody Binding

et al. 2021

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“…As biomarkers, antibodies are mainly used for the diagnosis of various infections, autoimmune disease, allergy, immune deficiencies and cancer [34]. Upon infection, the B cells are stimulated by the antigen and the production of antigen specific antibodies starts.…”

Section: Antibodies As Diagnostic Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aptamers against Immunoglobulins: Design, Selection and Bioanalytical Applications

Bognár

Gyurcsányi

2020

IJMS

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Nucleic acid aptamers show clear promise as diagnostic reagents, as highly specific strands were reported against a large variety of biomarkers. They have appealing benefits in terms of reproducible generation by chemical synthesis, controlled modification with labels and functionalities providing versatile means for detection and oriented immobilization, as along with high biochemical and temperature resistance. Aptamers against immunoglobulin targets—IgA, IgM, IgG and IgE—have a clear niche for diagnostic applications, therefore numerous aptamers have been selected and used in combination with a variety of detection techniques. The aim of this review is to overview and evaluate aptamers selected for the recognition of antibodies, in terms of their design, analytical properties and diagnostic applications. Aptamer candidates showed convincing performance among others to identify stress and upper respiratory tract infection through SIgA detection, for cancer cell recognition using membrane bound IgM, to detect and treat hemolytic transfusion reactions, autoimmune diseases with IgG and detection of IgE for allergy diseases. However, in general, their use still lags significantly behind what their claimed benefits and the plethora of application opportunities would forecast.

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“…The most extensively used for the screening and early diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 is the reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) method. , Despite the excellent selectivity and sensitivity, these nucleic-acid-based methods require trained professionals with extra personal protection to handle the specimens within a long processing time in dedicated laboratory facilities, leading to the inability to get the results immediately . The other optional strategy is to test SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (specific immunoglobulins, e.g., IgM and IgG) in biological (or blood) specimens, whereas the related antibodies are usually generated in the late stage of infection. , In order to bypass these drawbacks, the antigen-based rapid assay seems to provide an excellent choice, in which the spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 are the most promising biomarkers, since the spike proteins are major surface proteins of the virus and its S1 subunit exhibits amino acid sequence diversity compared with other coronaviruses. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-Cov-2 Spike-S1 Antigen Test Strip with High Sensitivity Endowed by High-Affinity Antibodies and Brightly Fluorescent QDs/Silica Nanospheres

Shiyi

Zhao

Bao³

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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The extensive research into developing novel strategies for detecting respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antigens in clinical specimens, especially the sensitive pointof-care testing method, is still urgently needed to reach rapid screening of viral infections. Herein, a new lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) platform was reported for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike-S1 protein antigens, in which four sensitive and specific SARS-CoV-2 mouse monoclonal antibodies (MmAbs) were tailored by using quantum dot (QD)-loaded dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles modified further for achieving the −COOH group surface coating (named Q/S−COOH nanospheres). Importantly, compact QD adsorption was achieved in mesoporous channels of silica nanoparticles on account of highly accessible central−radial pores and electrostatic interactions, leading to significant signal amplification. As such, a limit of detection for SARS-CoV-2 spike-S1 testing was found to be 0.03 ng/mL, which is lower compared with those of AuNPs-LFIA (traditional colloidal gold nanoparticles, Au NPs) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods. These results show that optimizing the affinity of antibody and the intensity of fluorescent nanospheres simultaneously is of great significance to improve the sensitivity of LFIA.

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Antibodies as Diagnostic Targets and as Reagents for Diagnostics

Abstract: Antibodies (Abs) were discovered around the turn of the 19th century and characterized in the following decades as an essential part of the human adaptive immune system [...]

Cited by 8 publications

References 22 publications

Epitope Mapping of Monoclonal Antibodies to Calreticulin Reveals That Charged Amino Acids Are Essential for Antibody Binding

Epitope Mapping of Monoclonal Antibodies to Calreticulin Reveals That Charged Amino Acids Are Essential for Antibody Binding

Aptamers against Immunoglobulins: Design, Selection and Bioanalytical Applications

SARS-Cov-2 Spike-S1 Antigen Test Strip with High Sensitivity Endowed by High-Affinity Antibodies and Brightly Fluorescent QDs/Silica Nanospheres

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