Antibodies against Vibrio salmonicida lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and whole bacteria in sera from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) vaccinated during the smolting and early post-smolt period

Steine, Nils O.; Melingen, Geir Olav; Wergeland, Heidrun I.

doi:10.1006/fsim.2000.0292

Cited by 32 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…In Atlantic salmon, total serum IgM decreases at seawater transfer, followed by a trend of increasing levels [63]. Atlantic salmon receiving both prime and boost vaccination of Vibrio salmonicida before seawater transfer exhibited higher levels of antigen-specific antibodies after smoltification than fish receiving the boost vaccination at or subsequent to transfer [64,65]. Decreased primary immune responsiveness and greater susceptibility to infectious pathogens have been observed among salmon undergoing smoltification [66], and there is evidence that BKD prevalences increase upon transfer to seawater [67,68] perhaps as a result of decreased immunity during smoltification.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Efficacy of cellular vaccines and genetic adjuvants against bacterial kidney disease in chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

Rhodes

Rathbone

Corbett

et al. 2004

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Efficacy of cellular vaccines and genetic adjuvants against bacterial kidney disease in chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

Rhodes

Rathbone

Corbett

et al. 2004

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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“…Following proteinase K digestion, reactivity was diminished; however, a fine banding pattern typical of the repeating units of the LPS O-polysaccharide chains was apparent. LPS is known to be immunogenic in Gram-negative fish pathogens such as Aeromonas salmonicida (Hastings & Ellis 1990, Lund et al 1991, Aakre et al 1994 and Vibrio species (Bøgwald et al Steine et al 2001). Although A. salmonicida LPS is immunogenic, it does not appear to play a protective role (Thuvander et al 1993, Aakre et al 1994.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective immunity in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss following immunization with distinct molecular mass fractions isolated from Flavobacterium psychrophilum

LaFrentz

LaPatra²,

Jones³

et al. 2004

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Vaccine development for coldwater disease (CWD), also known as rainbow trout fry syndrome (RTFS), has been based primarily on whole-cell bacterins or outer membrane fractions of Flavobacterium psychrophilum. In the present study, immunogenic regions of the bacterium corresponding to 18-28, 41-49, and 70-100 kDa were identified by western blot analysis using rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss immune sera. Following sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), antigens within these regions were isolated by electro-elution and used in immunization trials. Groups of rainbow trout fry were immunized with these regions emulsified with Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) and a formalin-killed bacterin emulsified with FCA. It was demonstrated that the 70-100 and 41-49 kDa regions and F. psychrophilum treatments elicited significant protection when compared to the saline control following subcutaneous challenge with 2 doses of a virulent strain of F. psychrophilum. Immunization with the 70-100 kDa region resulted in near complete protection in fish with mean cumulative percent mortality (CPM) of 6% and mean relative percent survival (RPS) of 94% at the lower challenge dose (6.25 × 10 6 colony forming units fish -1

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“…Indeed, the investigation of reproductive-immune interactions in fish has demonstrated that sexual maturation is often related to both innate and adaptive immune responses. These interactions affect innate immune proteins (Kumari et al 2006;Bowden et al 2007;Morgan et al 2008), acquired antibodies (Browser and Munson 1986;Steine et al 2001), and the number and proportion of leukocytes (Lamková et al 2007). Temperature and, to a lesser extent, other factors such as photoperiod appear to be the major cues driving these seasonal changes in immune markers (Bowden et al 2007).…”

Section: Interactions Between the Reproductive And Immune Systems In mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of estrogenic and androgenic endocrine disruptors on the immune system of fish: a review

2011

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During the last decade, a number of studies have shown that, in addition to their classically described reproductive function, estrogens and androgens also regulate the immune system in teleosts. Today, several molecules are known to interfere with the sex-steroid signaling. These chemicals are often referred to as endocrine disrupting contaminants (EDCs). We review the growing evidence that these compounds interfere with the fish immune system. These studies encompass a broad range of approaches from field studies to those at the molecular level. This integrative overview improves our understanding of the various endocrine-disrupting processes triggered by these chemicals. Furthermore, the research also explains why fish that have been exposed to EDCs are more sensitive to pathogens during gametogenesis. In this review, we first discuss the primary actions of sex-steroid-like endocrine disruptors in fish and the specificity of the fish immune system in comparison to mammals. Then, we review the known interactions between the immune system and EDCs and interpret the primary effects of sex steroids (estrogens and androgens) and their related endocrine disruptors on immune modulation. The recent literature suggests that immune parameters may be used as biomarkers of contamination by EDCs. However, caution should be used in the assessment of such immunotoxicity. In particular, more attention should be paid to the specificity of these biomarkers, the external/internal factors influencing the response, and the transduction pathways induced by these molecules in fish. The use of the well-known mammalian models provides a useful guide for future research in fish.

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Antibodies against Vibrio salmonicida lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and whole bacteria in sera from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) vaccinated during the smolting and early post-smolt period

Cited by 32 publications

References 33 publications

Efficacy of cellular vaccines and genetic adjuvants against bacterial kidney disease in chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

Efficacy of cellular vaccines and genetic adjuvants against bacterial kidney disease in chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha)

Protective immunity in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss following immunization with distinct molecular mass fractions isolated from Flavobacterium psychrophilum

The effects of estrogenic and androgenic endocrine disruptors on the immune system of fish: a review

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