Antibodies Against Influenza Virus Types a and B in Canadian Seals

Measures, Lena N.; Fouchier, Ron A. M.

doi:10.7589/jwd-d-20-00175

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Therefore, it does not give an overall picture of the circulation in the population. For this, it would be desirable to obtain seroprevalences as it has been carried out for avian influenza in seals (Bodewes et al, 2015;Measures and Fouchier, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Stokholm et al, 2021) which can constitute a conservation or public health issue (Ossiboff et al, 2021). In addition to detecting pathogens that would cause the death of the animal, it is possible to identify pathogens carried by an animal without being responsible for the death, or to detect antibodies, which would provide evidence that the targeted agent is circulating in the population (Bodewes et al, 2015;Measures and Fouchier, 2021). Laboratory analysis can also detect phenomena such as antibiotic resistance in isolated bacteria which is of public health interest (e.g.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Strengthening the health surveillance of marine mammals in the waters of metropolitan France by monitoring strandings

et al. 2023

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Monitoring the health status of marine mammals is a priority theme that France aims to develop with the other European Union Member States in the next two years, in the context of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive. With approximately 5,000 km of coastline and for nearly ten years, France has been recording an average of 2,000 strandings per year, which are monitored by the National Stranding Network, managed by Pelagis, the observatory for the conservation of marine mammals from La Rochelle University and the French National Center for Scientific Research. Since 1972, this network has successively evolved from spatial and temporal faunistic description to, nowadays, the detection of major causes of mortality. It now aims to carry out epidemiological studies on a population scale. Thus, a strategy to strengthen the monitoring of marine mammals’ health status based on stranding data has been developed. This strategy will allow for a more accurate detection of anthropogenic cause of death as well as those of natural origin. It will allow the monitoring of time trends and geographical differences of diseases associated with conservation and public health issues while ensuring the early detection of emerging and/or zoonotic diseases of importance. It will also allow a better assessment of the consequences of human activities on these animal populations and on the environment. Thus, this strategy is fully in line with the “One Health” approach which implies an integrated vision of public, animal and environmental health. It is broken down into four surveillance modalities: (1) general event-based surveillance (GES); (2) programmed surveillance (PS); (3) specific event-based surveillance (SES); (4) and in the longer term, syndromic surveillance (SyS). This article describes the French strategy as well as these different surveillance modalities, the levels of examinations and the associated sampling protocols and finally, the method of standardisation of the data collected. The objective is to present the strategy developed at the French level in order to integrate it into a future strategy shared at the European level to standardise practices and especially complementary analysis, necessary for a better evaluation of the health status of these mobile marine species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Strengthening the health surveillance of marine mammals in the waters of metropolitan France by monitoring strandings

et al. 2023

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“…Although epidemics of IAV have been reported since the late 1970s in seals on the North American Atlantic coast, fatal infections by Alphainfluenzavirus have never been documented in marine mammals from the St. Lawrence Estuary and Gulf, Quebec, Canada. Moreover, despite the documented high seroprevalence of influenzavirus A and B (genus Betainfluenzavirus ) in Canadian seal populations (9) , seal mortality caused by an influenza infection had never been reported in Canadian waters until recently, when a novel low pathogenicity avian IAV (H10N7) caused a fatal bronchointerstitial pneumonia in a harbor seal in British Columbia, Canada (10) .…”

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Outbreak of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus H5N1 in Seals in the St. Lawrence Estuary, Quebec, Canada

Lair,

Quesnel,

Berhane

et al. 2023

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We describe an unusual mortality event caused by a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAI) H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b involving harbor (Phoca vitulina) and grey (Halichoerus grypus) seals in the St. Lawrence Estuary, Quebec, Canada. Fifteen (56%) of the seals submitted for necropsy were considered to be fatally infected by H5N1 containing fully Eurasian (EA) or Eurasian/North American genome constellation.Concurrently, presence of large numbers of bird carcasses infected with H5N1 at haul-out sites most likely contributed to the spill-over of infection to the seals. Histologic changes included meningoencephalitis (100%), fibrinosuppurative alveolitis, and multi-organ acute necrotizing inflammation. This is the first report of fatal H5N1 infection in pinnipeds in Canada, raising concerns about the expanding host of this virus, potential for establishment of a marine mammal reservoir, and the public health risks associated with spillover to mammals.

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