Antibiotyping and genotyping of extensively drug‐resistant (XDR)
            <i>Salmonella</i>
            sp. isolated from clinical samples of Lahore, Pakistan

Zahid, Iqra; Sarwar, Arslan; Hussain, Abid; Sohail, Muhammad; Amin, Aatif

doi:10.1111/jam.15131

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 44 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“… 28 Regarding resistance determinants of third-generation cephalosporin, in our study we reported different types of CTX-M for the very first time. Many studies have reported high prevalence of bla CTX-M-15 in XDR isolates 5 , 41 , 44–46 but in our study other types were also identified. In our study bla CTX-M-U was the most frequent gene present in 63.3% XDR isolates followed by bla CTX-M-15 (39.3%).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 43%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Molecular Characterization of Extensively Drug Resistant Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhi Clinical Isolates from Lahore, Pakistan

Jabeen,

Saleem,

Jahan

et al. 2023

IDR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background The emergence of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) typhoid in Pakistan has endangered the treatment options available to manage this infection. Third generation cephalosporin were the empiric choice to treat typhoid fever in Pakistan, but acquisition of ESBLs have knocked them out of the arsenal. The current empiric choice is azithromycin which is vulnerable to resistance too. This study aimed to assess the burden of XDR typhoid and the frequency of resistance determinants in blood culture samples collected from different hospitals in Lahore, Pakistan. Methods A total of 835 blood cultures were collected from different tertiary care hospitals in Lahore during January 2019 to December 2021. Among 835 blood cultures, 389 Salmonella Typhi were identified, and 150 were XDR S . Typhi (resistant to all recommended antibiotics). Antibiotics resistance genes of the first-line drugs ( bla TEM-1 , cat A1, sul 1, and dhfR7) and second line drugs ( gyrB, gyrA, qnrS, ParC and ParE ) were investigated among XDR S . Typhi. There were different CTX-M genes isolated using the specific primers, bla CTX-M-U , bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-2, bla CTX-M-8 and bla CTX-M-9 . Results Antibiotic resistant genes of the first-line drugs were isolated with different frequency, bla TEM-1 (72.6%), catA1 (86.6%), sul 1 (70%), and dhfR7 (56%). Antibiotics resistance genes of second-line drugs were isolated as: gyrB (60%), gyrA (49.3%), qnrS (32.6%), parC (44%) and parE (28%). Among CTX-M genes, bla CTX-M-U (63.3%) was the most frequent followed by bla CTX-M-15 (39.3%) and bla CTX-M-1 (26%). Conclusion Our study concluded that XDR isolates circulating in Pakistan have acquired first-line and second-line antibiotic resistant genes quite successfully along with CTX-M genes (ESBLs) rendering them resistant to the third generation cephalosporins as well. Emergence of azithromycin resistance in XDR S . Typhi which is currently used as an empiric treatment option is worrisome and needs to be monitored carefully in endemic countries like Pakistan.

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 43%

“…The ampC gene, which has a 47% prevalence, was the most common resistance gene, followed by the gyrA, catA1, tet(A), aac (3)-la, qnrS, bla NDM-1 , and bla CTX-M-15 genes in isolates with 45,40,21,6,18,3,11,6, and 2%, respectively. 44 This study did not report presence of bla TEM-1 or any other variants in their XDR isolates.…”

mentioning

confidence: 69%

Molecular Characterization of Extensively Drug Resistant Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhi Clinical Isolates from Lahore, Pakistan

Jabeen,

Saleem,

Jahan

et al. 2023

IDR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…will be an added threat. Preliminary studies of the potential treatment of SARS-CoV-2 with azithromycin [42] have resulted in irrational use of azithromycin even in patients with suspected COVID-19. Under the current scenario, unprecedented use of azithromycin in Pakistan (unpublished data) increases the likelihood of azithromycin being insensitive to S. Typhi XDR.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An assessment of Hygiene Indicator Bacteria and MDR Salmonella on Poultry Butchers’ hands and Rinsing Water at XDR Salmonella Struck Areas

Tagar

Ahmed

2022

Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

F OOD-borne diseases are a major health problem in developing countries including Pakistan. With regard to meat hygiene, the question is posed whether carriers of pathogenic organisms, like Salmonella, shigella, and E. coli can contaminate a product with their hands. This might be possible in case of not using appropriate water, not maintaining proper hand hygiene during mean handling or due to bad toilet hygiene. This study was thus conducted to determine the prevalence of some selected hygiene indicator bacteria on the hands of poultry butchers and their hand washing water in two selected districts of Pakistan, i.e. Hyderabad and Jamshoro. Three hygiene indicator bacteria, Salmonella, Shigella, and E. coli were focused in this regard and for Salmonella spp. antibiotic resistance was also determine. Total 76 samples were collected (38 water and 38 hands). Isolation of bacteria were carried out by some standard microbiological techniques. Out of 38 water samples, 76.3%, 81.5% and 81.5% of samples were positive for Salmonella, Shigella, and E. coli. While for butchers' hand samples, the prevalence of Salmonella, Shigella, and E. coli was found as 92.1%, 97.3%, and 100%. The overall antibiotic resistance is as follows: ampicillin (89%), azithromycin (3.1%), ceftazidime (0%), gentamicin (25.5%), cefotaxime (25%), erythromycin (40.6%), neomycin (31.2%), streptomycin (48.4%), and sulphamethoxazole (50%). Percentage of Multi-drug resistant (MDR) isolates found in water and butchers' hands sample is 50% and 71.4%. One Extremelydrug resistant (XDR) isolate is also found in hands samples. The high prevalence of Salmonella, Shigella, and E. coli in butchers' hands and hand washing water can transfer to the meat and cause many foodborne infections in meat consumers.

show abstract

Effectiveness of Oral Azithromycin in Treating Enteric Fever: A Hospital-Based Study on Pediatric Patients

Khan,

Babar

et al. 2024

Cureus

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IntroductionEnteric fever is prevalent in underdeveloped and developing countries. It is caused by Salmonella Typhi, which has developed resistance over the years to commonly used antimicrobials. Meropenem is an effective treatment for all complicated and uncomplicated extensively drug-resistant (XDR) bacteria, but it is administered intravenously, three times daily, by infusion, and it is quite expensive for the patient. Oral azithromycin is shown by some authors to be effective in extensively drug-resistant enteric fever. Material and methodsThis retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the outpatient department of Lady Reading Hospital Medical Teaching Institution, Peshawar. The duration of the study was one year. Data was collected after approval from the hospital's Ethical and Research Committee. All pediatric patients meeting the inclusion criteria for extensively drug-resistant enteric fever were included. Data on patient demographics, blood culture and laboratory results, treatment given, and effectiveness were documented in a specialized proforma. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, US) was used for data analysis. ResultsOut of the total 106 patients, 72 (67.9%) were male and 34 (32.1%) were female. The mean age was 7.51 ± 2.75 years, with a range of 1 to 15 years. Among them, 66 (62.3%) had anemia (hemoglobin less than 11 grams per deciliter for under 5 years and 11.5 for 5-15 years old children), with a mean hemoglobin level of 10.6 ± 1.53 grams per deciliter (g/dl), ranging from 7.2 to 13.8 g/dl. Thrombocytopenia was found in 14 (13%) patients.The mean platelet count was 317 x 10 3 ± 164 cells per microliter, with a range of 61 x 10 3 to 834 x 10 3 cells per liter. The mean total leukocyte count was 9.71x 10 3 ± 4.321 cells per microliter, with a range of 2.01 x 10 3 to 30.40 x10 3 cells per microliter. However, leucopenia was seen in only 5 (4.7%) patients. In 98.1% of cases, azithromycin was found to be effective in treating enteric fever caused by extensively drug-resistant Salmonella. ConclusionAzithromycin is effective in treating extensively drug-resistant enteric fever. It can be confidently used in patients with no or mild complications with extensively drug-resistant enteric fever. Good compliance and complete dosage should be followed to avoid resistance to this drug. Blood cultures should always be sent when prescribing antibiotics, especially when suspecting enteric fever.

show abstract

Antibiotyping and genotyping of extensively drug‐resistant (XDR) Salmonella sp. isolated from clinical samples of Lahore, Pakistan

Cited by 3 publications

References 44 publications

Molecular Characterization of Extensively Drug Resistant Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhi Clinical Isolates from Lahore, Pakistan

Molecular Characterization of Extensively Drug Resistant Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhi Clinical Isolates from Lahore, Pakistan

An assessment of Hygiene Indicator Bacteria and MDR Salmonella on Poultry Butchers’ hands and Rinsing Water at XDR Salmonella Struck Areas

Effectiveness of Oral Azithromycin in Treating Enteric Fever: A Hospital-Based Study on Pediatric Patients

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About