Antibiotics Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolated from Livestock in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi, UAE, 2014–2019

Abstract

Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a zoonotic pathogen that showed growing resistance to antibiotics. No descriptive analysis highlights the threat of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) of E. coli among livestock in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Herein, we conducted phenotypic and genotypic resistance studies on E. coli isolates from livestock samples in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi based on routine diagnosis between the periods 2014–2019. Bacterial culture and disk diffusion methods were used for bacterial isolation and phenotypic resistance analysis. Resistance mechanism was studied by PCR targeting the most commonly resistance genes: ampicillin (blaSHV, blaCMY, and blaTEM-1B), tetracyclines (tetA and tetB), co-trimoxazole [sulfamethoxazole (sul1, sul2, and sul3) + trimethoprim (dfrA1 and dfrA17)], aminoglycosides [aph(3'')-Ia, aph(6)-Id, and aac(3)-IV], and fluoroquinolones (qnrA and aac(6’)-Ib-cr). Analysis of 165 E. coli isolates showed resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, co-trimoxazole, gentamicin, and enrofloxacin by 157/165 (95.4%), 154/165 (93.6%), 141/165 (86%), 139/165 (85%), and 135/165 (82.7%), respectively. Predominant resistance gene/s detected by PCR were blaCMY (119/160, 72%) and blaTEM-1B (154/160, 96.3%) for ampicillin; tetA (162/164, 98.8%) and tetB (112/164, 68.3%) for tetracyclines; sul2 (156/164, 95%), sul3 (138/164, 84%), and dfra17 (74/164, 44.5%) for co-trimoxazole; aph(3'')-Ia (134/164, 82.1%) and aph(6)-Id (161/164, 98.2%) for aminoglycosides; and aac(6’)-Ib-cr (61/61, 100%) for enrofloxacin. Both phenotypic and genotypic analyses revealed that all E. coli isolates were multidrug-resistant (resistance to 3, 4, and 5 antibiotics classes by 3.6%, 57.6%, and 38.8%, respectively) carrying one or more resistance gene/s for the same antibiotic. PCR profiling confirmed the presence of resistance genes corresponding to their antibiotic profile. Results of the study will highlight the knowledge based on E. coli AMR related to livestock in UAE that may call for interventions.

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“…In our study, they were all found to be resistant to ampicillin, ceftazidime and cefotaxime. High rates of ampicillin resistance were observed in UAE between 2014–2019 [ 30 ]. However, resistance to ceftazidime and cefotaxime was never found in UAE [ 31 , 32 ].…”

A systematic review and meta-analysis on prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profile of Escherichia coli isolated from water in africa (2000–2021)

“…There is inconsistancy between the phenotype and genotype traits from antibitotic resistant isolates. Some isolates are phenotypically resistant without detection of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes, whilst others can be phenotypically susceptible and express resistance genes [ 6 ]. This could mean that phenotypic resistance to an antibiotic could be due intrinsic factors and not necessary due to triggered expression/mutation of a specific gene.…”

“…Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) is an anaerobic Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that belongs to the Enterobacteriaceae family found in the human guts, warm-blooded animals, cold-blooded animals, as well as in different environments [ 5 , 6 ]. It can further be found in the environment such as in water [ 7 ].…”

Current Situation of Escherichia coli Antibiotic Resistance in Food-producing Animals, Wild Animals, Companion Animals, and Birds: One Health Perspectives

“…Between the periods of 2014 and 2019 in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), about 165 E. coli isolates were obtained from livestock samples including (camel [25.5%], sheep [25.5%], goat [32.7%], and poultry [16.4%]). The isolated E. coli was found to be multidrug-resistant carrying one or more of the resistance gene/s for the same antibiotic [22]. Specifically, the 165 E. coli isolates showed resistance to ampicillin (10 μg), tetracycline (30 μg), co-trimoxazole (25 μg), gentamicin (10 μg), and enrofloxacin (5 μg) by 95.4%, 93.6%, 86%, 85%, and 82.7%, respectively.…”

“…Specifically, the 165 E. coli isolates showed resistance to ampicillin (10 μg), tetracycline (30 μg), co-trimoxazole (25 μg), gentamicin (10 μg), and enrofloxacin (5 μg) by 95.4%, 93.6%, 86%, 85%, and 82.7%, respectively. The predominant resistance genes detected by PCR were blaCMY(72%), blaTEM-1B (96.3%) for ampicillin, tetA (8.8%), tetB(68.3%) for tetracyclines, sul2(95%), sul3 (84%), dfra1 = (44.5%) for co-trimoxazole, aph(3″)-Ia = (82.1%), aph(6)-Id(98.2%) for aminoglycosides, and aac(6′)-Ib(100%) for enrofloxacin [22].…”