Antibiotics in Urology – New Essentials

Antimicrobial resistance in community-acquired urinary tract infections: results from the Korean Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System

“…Among oral agents, the two oral cephalosporins (cefuroxime and cefpodoxime) demonstrated excellent in vitro activity against E. coli isolates from uncomplicated cystitis. Fosfomycin and nitrofurantoin have been proposed as a reliable empirical treatment for uncomplicated cystitis because of their high concentration in urine and low resistance rate [9]. A recent study demonstrated that clinical success rate was high in patients treated with fosfomycin and nitrofurantoin [10].…”

Management of Antibiotic-Resistant Acute Pyelonephritis

“…A certain urinary concentration is usually sufficient (urinary excretion; 40%) to control E. coli, Klebsiella species, and Enterobacter species in the case of uncomplicated cystitis [24]. However, it is less effective against non-E. coli gram-negative pathogens; it is also inactive against Proteus species or P. aeruginosa.…”

“…E. coli exhibits a low resistance rate of ＜3% [27]. Fosfomycin trometamol is effective against quinoloneresistant E. coli [24]. It is active against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, but its activity decreases in against Proteus vulgaris, P. aeruginosa, and E. faecium.…”

“…If imipenem is combined with cilastatin, the urinary excretion of its active form is approximately 70%. Meropenem (70% of its active form), which is more active against P. aeruginosa than imipenem, is also excreted through urine [24]. Doripenem (urinary excretion rate 75%) is a newer carbapenem, which has an activity against gram-positive pathogens and P. aeruginosa, excluding MRSA, VRE, and E. faecium.…”

Análise comparativa dos achados clínicos e laboratoriais das infecções não complicadas do trato urinário em mulheres

“…Apesar de estudos avaliando tais parâmetros serem realizados regularmente em países desenvolvidos [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] , existem poucos estudos semelhantes e recentes em nosso meio 43,44 . 38,41,54 , enquanto que outros estudos não identificam S. saprophyticus como segundo agente etiológico mais comum 35,40,44,52 . Umas das possíveis causas é que esta bactéria é mais encontrada em pacientes jovens 35,38,41,44,46,54 , o que corresponde aos resultados do grupo 1.…”