Antibiotics in the Chemical Communication of Fungi

Abstract

In dual cultures Oudemansiella mucida and Xerula melanotricha (basidiomycetes) react to the presence of living Penicillium notatum or P. turbatum with an increased production of strobilurin A (1) or X (2). P. notatum in turn reacts to the two basidiomycetes or their antibiotic strobilurin A alone with the production of N-(2-hydroxypropanoyl)-2-aminobenzoic acid amide (3) or chrysogine (4). P. melinii and P. urticae overgrow O. mucida due to complete resistance to strobilurin A. P. brevicompactum, P. citrinum, P. janczewskii and the other Penicillium strains are all sensitive but apparently do not induce O. mucida to produce the amounts of strobilurin A needed to inhibit their growth.

Chemical profile of the secondary metabolites produced by a deep-sea sediment-derived fungus Penicillium commune SD-118

“…These compounds were identified as (22E,24R)-ergosta-5,7,22-trien-3 -ol (2) (Adler et al, 1977;Smith, 1977), (22E,24R)-ergosta-7,22-dien-3 ,5 ,6 -triol (3) (Cafieri et al, 1985), (22E,24R)-5 ,8 -epidioxyergosta-6,22-dien-3 -ol (4) (Yue et al, 2001), asperamide A (5) (Zhang et al, 2007), asperamide B (6) (Zhang et al, 2007), chrysogine (7) (Hikino et al, 1973;Kettering et al, 2004), methyl 2-(N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)carbamoy)ace tate (8) (TimTec Compound Libraries, 2010), N-(2-hydroxypropanoyl)-2-aminobenzoic acid amide (9) (Dai et al, 1993), N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)acetamide (10) (Rahaim Jr et al, 2006), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (11) (Andersen et al, 1974), N-acetyldopamine (12) (Noda et al, 2000), methyl 2-([2-(1H-indol-3-yl)eth yl]carbamoyl)acetate (13) (Franzén et al, 2009), N2 -acetyltryptophan methyl ester (14) (AmirHeidari and Micklefield, 2007), and meleagrin (15) (Du et al, 2009). The chemical structures of compounds 1-15 are shown in Fig.2 and the peaks of the major compounds in the crude extract were assigned in the HPLC profile (Fig.3).…”

Time-Dependent Production of the Bioactive Peptides Endolides A and B and the Polyketide Mariline A from the Sponge-Derived Fungus Stachylidium bicolor 293K04

“…Therefore, fungal strains are frequently cultivated for relatively short growth periods of one to three weeks which generally coincides with the time needed for robustly growing fungi to reach late exponential or stationary phase in liquid cultures. An alternative approach to determining harvest time for screening cultivations has been to monitor glucose concentrations in the culture broth with a glucose assay kit, and extract the cultures when the glucose is exhausted [25,26]. Sugar concentration was measured in the herein report, as we saw that maltose in the whole broth extracts was not detectable in the extracts by ESI-LC-MS.…”

Bioautography Guided Identification of Anticandidal Compounds from <I>A. terreus</I> st. 1

“…The best-known fungal secondary metabolites that are subjected to commercial production are the β-lactam antibiotics (Ramachandran et al, 2007). Fungi offer the advantage that most species produce bioactive compounds during growth and metabolism allowing tracing their mycelia and metabolites in their natural substrates and habitats (Kettering et al, 2004). Isolates of A. terreus obtained from terrestrial habitats have been known to produce variety of secondary metabolites with various biological activity including terretonins (Li et al, 2005), terrecyclic acids (Almassi et al, 1996) asterredione (Wijeratne et al, 2003).…”