Antibiotics detected in urines and adipogenesis in school children

Wang, Hexing; Wang, Na; Wang, Bin; Fang, Hong; Fu, Chaowei; Tang, Chuanxi; Jiang, Feng; Zhou, Ying; He, Gengsheng; Zhao, Qi; Chen, Yue; Jiang, Qingwu

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2016.02.005

Cited by 143 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The Shannon and Chao index and the body fat measurements of mice in our study also suggested that individuals with low bacterial richness had higher overall body fat than those with high bacterial richness [54,55]. Moreover, some human studies have also found a strong association between antibiotic exposure and obesity in boys[20,23,56,57]. …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…Several epidemiological studies have reported that antibiotic use in children was positively associated with obesity in children[19–22]. Recently, several studies have reported extensive exposure of school-aged children to antibiotics by measuring antibiotics in urine, and certain antibiotics, such as florfenicol and trimethoprim, were related to obesity [23,24]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of oral florfenicol and azithromycin on gut microbiota and adipogenesis in mice

Wang

Shi

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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Certain antibiotics detected in urine are associated with childhood obesity. In the current experimental study, we investigated two representative antibiotics detected in urine, florfenicol and azithromycin, for their early effects on adipogenesis, gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and bile acids in mice. Thirty C57BL/6 mice aged four weeks were randomly divided into three groups (florfenicol, azithromycin and control). The two experimental groups were administered florfenicol or azithromycin at 5 mg/kg/day for four weeks. Body weight was measured weekly. The composition of the gut microbiota, body fat, SCFAs, and bile acids in colon contents were measured at the end of the experiment. The composition of the gut microbiota was determined by sequencing the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. The concentration of SCFAs and bile acids was determined using gas chromatography and liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry, respectively. The composition of the gut microbiota indicated that the two antibiotics altered the gut microbiota composition and decreased its richness and diversity. At the phylum level, the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes increased significantly in the antibiotic groups. At the genus level, there were declines in Christensenella, Gordonibacter and Anaerotruncus in the florfenicol group, in Lactobacillus in the azithromycin group, and in Alistipes, Desulfovibrio, Parasutterella and Rikenella in both the antibiotic groups. The decrease in Rikenella in the azithromycin group was particularly noticeable. The concentration of SCFAs and secondary bile acids decreased in the colon, but the concentration of primary bile acids increased. These findings indicated that florfenicol and azithromycin increased adipogenesis and altered gut microbiota composition, SCFA production, and bile acid metabolism, suggesting that exposure to antibiotics might be one risk factor for childhood obesity. More studies are needed to investigate the specific mechanisms.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of oral florfenicol and azithromycin on gut microbiota and adipogenesis in mice

Wang

Shi

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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“…After detailed evaluation, 11 studies were further removed including 6 studies for irrelevant outcomes (34–36, 40, 42, 47), 3 studies for no usable data (38, 43, 44), and 2 studies for cross-sectional design (37, 46). The study by Korpela et al only reported the r -value from linear correlation analysis, but did not report the difference in the z -score of childhood BMI or weight (43).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic Exposure in Early Life Increases Risk of Childhood Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

et al. 2017

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A number of studies have previously assessed the impact of antibiotic exposure in early life on the risk of childhood obesity, but no systematic assessment is currently available. A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to comprehensively and quantitatively elucidate the risk of childhood obesity caused by antibiotic exposure in early life. Literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Random-effect meta-analysis was used to pool the statistical estimates. Fifteen cohort studies involving 445,880 participants were finally included, and all those studies were performed in developed countries. Antibiotic exposure in early life significantly increased risk of childhood overweight [relative risk (RR) = 1.23, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13–1.35, P < 0.001] and childhood obesity (RR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.13–1.30, P < 0.001). Antibiotic exposure in early life also significantly increased the z-score of childhood body mass index (mean difference: 0.07, 95% CI 0.05–0.09, P < 0.00001). Importantly, there was an obvious dose–response relationship between antibiotic exposure in early life and childhood adiposity, with a 7% increment in the risk of overweight (RR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.01–1.15, P = 0.03) and a 6% increment in the risk of obesity (RR = 1.06, 95% CI 1.02–1.09, P < 0.001) for each additional course of antibiotic exposure. In conclusion, antibiotic exposure in early life significantly increases risk of childhood obesity. Moreover, current analyses are mainly taken from developed countries, and therefore the impact of antibiotic exposure on risk of childhood obesity in vulnerable populations or developing countries still needs to be evaluated in future studies.

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“…Several pharmaceutical chemicals have become more common, such as antipsychotics and antibiotics, and these can persist in the environment after being excreted from the intended recipient. Metabolites from veterinary antibiotics, which are associated with adiposity, have been found in urine from school children in China (Wang et al., ). Several antibiotic classes have also been found in surface water, and county‐level use of veterinary antibiotics overlays with county‐level obesity in the United States (Riley, Raphael, & Faerstein, ).…”

Section: Ecological and Environmental Explanations For Phenotype Diffmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotype diffusion and one health: A proposed framework for investigating the plurality of obesity epidemics across many species

Voss

Goodson

León

2018

Zoonoses and Public Health

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We propose the idea of "phenotype diffusion," which is a rapid convergence of an observed trait in some human and animal populations. The words phenotype and diffusion both imply observations independent of mechanism as phenotypes are observed traits with multiple possible genetic mechanisms and diffusion is an observed state of being widely distributed. Recognizing shared changes in phenotype in multiple species does not by itself reveal a particular mechanism such as a shared exposure, shared adaptive need, particular stochastic process or a transmission pathway. Instead, identifying phenotype diffusion suggests the mechanism should be explored to help illuminate the ways human and animal health are connected and new opportunities for optimizing these links. Using the plurality of obesity epidemics across multiple species as a prototype for shared changes in phenotype, the goal of this review was to explore eco-evolutionary theories that could inform further investigation. First, evolutionary changes described by hologenome evolution, pawnobe evolution, transposable element (TE) thrust and the drifty gene hypothesis will be discussed within the context of the selection asymmetries among human and animal populations. Secondly, the ecology of common source exposures (bovine milk, xenohormesis and "obesogens"), niche evolution and the hygiene hypothesis will be summarized. Finally, we synthesize these considerations. For example, many agricultural breeds have been aggressively selected for weight gain, microbiota (e.g., adenovirus 36, toxoplasmosis) associated with (or infecting) these breeds cause experimental weight gain in other animals, and these same microbes are associated with human obesity. We propose applications of phenotype diffusion could include zoonotic biosurveillance, biocontainment, antibiotic stewardship and environmental priorities. The One Health field is focused on the connections between the health of humans, animals and the environment, and so identification of phenotype diffusion is highly relevant for practitioners (public health officials, physicians and veterinarians) in this field.

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Antibiotics detected in urines and adipogenesis in school children

Cited by 143 publications

References 27 publications

Effects of oral florfenicol and azithromycin on gut microbiota and adipogenesis in mice

Effects of oral florfenicol and azithromycin on gut microbiota and adipogenesis in mice

Antibiotic Exposure in Early Life Increases Risk of Childhood Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Phenotype diffusion and one health: A proposed framework for investigating the plurality of obesity epidemics across many species

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