Antibiotics and the Intestinal Microbiome: Individual Responses, Resilience of the Ecosystem, and the Susceptibility to Infections

Thiemann, Sophie; Smit, Nathiana; Strowig, Till

doi:10.1007/82_2016_504

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 154 publications

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“…Ecological resilience, having been introduced four decades ago [31], denotes the amount of disturbance that an ecosystem The concept has been widely applied to explain the stability or renewal of ecosystems over large spatial-temporal scales, such as marine ecosystems [34], agroecosystems [35] or global hydroclimatic conditions [36]. The role of ecological robustness has also been suggested to apply to gut microbiota [37], but research has focused on health [38,39] and not the influence of diet, and is limited to humans [38,39] or experimental model animals [40]. We posit that the coexistence of the two groups of pathways identified here is required as a kind of reinforcement to secure related bacteria species responsible for raw fibre digestion and utilization, and therefore maintains the adaptive capacities of gut microbiomes to nutrient scarcity during the leaf stage.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal variation in nutrient utilization shapes gut microbiome structure and function in wild giant pandas

et al. 2017

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Wild giant pandas use different parts of bamboo (shoots, leaves and stems) and different bamboo species at different times of the year. Their usage of bamboo can be classified temporally into a distinct leaf stage, shoot stage and transition stage. An association between this usage pattern and variation in the giant panda gut microbiome remains unknown. Here, we found associations using a gut metagenomic approach and nutritional analyses whereby diversity of the gut microbial community in the leaf and shoot stages was significantly different. Functional metagenomic analysis showed that in the leaf stage, bacteria species over-represented genes involved in raw fibre utilization and cell cycle control. Thus, raw fibre utilization by the gut microbiome was guaranteed during the nutrient-deficient leaf stage by reinforcing gut microbiome robustness. During the protein-abundant shoot stage, the functional capacity of the gut microbiome expanded to include prokaryotic secretion and signal transduction activity, suggesting active interactions between the gut microbiome and host. These results illustrate that seasonal nutrient variation in wild giant pandas substantially influences gut microbiome composition and function. Nutritional interactions between gut microbiomes and hosts appear to be complex and further work is needed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal variation in nutrient utilization shapes gut microbiome structure and function in wild giant pandas

et al. 2017

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“…Resident microbes have a variety of mechanisms for conferring mucosal colonization resistance (17, 204–207). They include: (1) directly competing for shared metabolites, (2) expression of inhibitory bacteriocins, (3) induction of protective mucus layer, and (4) priming of protective immune responses (208, 209). Some of the examples include commensal dependent metabolism of secondary bile acids to deoxycholate, production of organic acids, induction of antimicrobial peptides in Paneth cells, and promoting elevated antibacterial T cell responses preventing colonization and dissemination of pathogens (210–213).…”

Section: Molecular Mechanisms Of Microbiota-associated Alterations Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiome Dependent Regulation of Tregs and Th17 Cells in Mucosa

et al. 2019

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Mammals co-exist with resident microbial ecosystem that is composed of an incredible number and diversity of bacteria, viruses and fungi. Owing to direct contact between resident microbes and mucosal surfaces, both parties are in continuous and complex interactions resulting in important functional consequences. These interactions govern immune homeostasis, host response to infection, vaccination and cancer, as well as predisposition to metabolic, inflammatory and neurological disorders. Here, we discuss recent studies on direct and indirect effects of resident microbiota on regulatory T cells (Tregs) and Th17 cells at the cellular and molecular level. We review mechanisms by which commensal microbes influence mucosa in the context of bioactive molecules derived from resident bacteria, immune senescence, chronic inflammation and cancer. Lastly, we discuss potential therapeutic applications of microbiota alterations and microbial derivatives, for improving resilience of mucosal immunity and combating immunopathology.

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“…In fact, the impact of gut commensal bacteria on the innate and adaptive immune responses to enteric pathogens has been recognized conclusively (20–22). However, the effect of gut microbiome on the immune responses in distal mucosal sites and its impact in the outcome of respiratory infections has recently been exposed.…”

Section: Role Of Microbiota On Ifv Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory Antiviral Immunity and Immunobiotics: Beneficial Effects on Inflammation-Coagulation Interaction during Influenza Virus Infection

et al. 2016

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Influenza virus (IFV) is a major respiratory pathogen of global importance, and the cause of a high degree of morbidity and mortality, especially in high-risk populations such as infants, elderly, and immunocompromised hosts. Given its high capacity to change antigenically, acquired immunity is often not effective to limit IFV infection and therefore vaccination must be constantly redesigned to achieve effective protection. Improvement of respiratory and systemic innate immune mechanisms has been proposed to reduce the incidence and severity of IFV disease. In the last decade, several research works have demonstrated that microbes with the capacity to modulate the mucosal immune system (immunobiotics) are a potential alternative to beneficially modulate the outcome of IFV infection. This review provides an update of the current status on the modulation of respiratory immunity by orally and nasally administered immunobiotics, and their beneficial impact on IFV clearance and inflammatory-mediated lung tissue damage. In particular, we describe the research of our group that investigated the influence of immunobiotics on inflammation–coagulation interactions during IFV infection. Studies have clearly demonstrated that hostile inflammation is accompanied by dysfunctional coagulation in respiratory IFV disease, and our investigations have proved that some immunobiotic strains are able to reduce viral disease severity through their capacity to modulate the immune-coagulative responses in the respiratory tract.

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Antibiotics and the Intestinal Microbiome: Individual Responses, Resilience of the Ecosystem, and the Susceptibility to Infections

Cited by 20 publications

References 154 publications

Seasonal variation in nutrient utilization shapes gut microbiome structure and function in wild giant pandas

Seasonal variation in nutrient utilization shapes gut microbiome structure and function in wild giant pandas

Microbiome Dependent Regulation of Tregs and Th17 Cells in Mucosa

Respiratory Antiviral Immunity and Immunobiotics: Beneficial Effects on Inflammation-Coagulation Interaction during Influenza Virus Infection

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