Antibiotic susceptibility profile of bacterial isolates from febrile children under 5 years of age in Nanoro, Burkina Faso

Abstract

Objectives Antibiotics efficacy is severely threatened due to emerging resistance worldwide, but there is a paucity of antibiotics efficacy data for the West African region in general. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the antibiotic susceptibility profile of bacterial isolated from febrile children under 5 years of age in Nanoro (Burkina Faso). Methods Blood, stool and urine samples were collected from 1099 febrile children attending peripheral health facilities and the referral hospital in Nanoro Health district. Bacterial isolates from these samples were assessed for their susceptibility against commonly used antibiotics by Kirby–Bauer method. Results In total, 141 bacterial isolates were recovered from 127 febrile children of which 65 from blood, 65 from stool and 11 from urine. Salmonella isolates were most frequently isolated and found to be highly resistant to ampicillin (70%; 56/80) and trimethoprim–sulphamethoxazole (65%; 52/80). Escherichia coli isolates showed a high resistance rate to trimethoprim–sulphamethoxazole (100%), ampicillin (100%), ciprofloxacin (71.4%; 10/14), amoxicillin–clavulanate (64.3%; 9/14), ceftriaxone (64.3%; 9/14) and gentamycin (50%; 7/14). Moreover, half of the E. coli isolates produced ß‐lactamase suggesting multi‐drug resistance against β‐lactam as well as non‐β‐lactam antibiotics. Multi‐drug resistance was observed in 54.6% (59/108) of the isolates, mainly Gram‐negative bacteria. Conclusions This study showed high resistance rates to common antibiotics used to treat bacterial infections in Nanoro. The work prompts the need to expand antibiotic resistance surveillance studies in Burkina Faso.

Characteristics of Pathogenic Escherichia coli Associated with Diarrhea in Children under Five Years in Northwestern Ethiopia

“…This finding agrees with the resistance reported recently in Kenya [ 48 ]. In Burkina Faso, Bonko et al [ 92 ] also reported that isolates from children under five exhibited a high resistance rate to trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (100%), ampicillin (100%), ciprofloxacin (71.4%). Another study in the Maasai community of Kenya revealed high sensitivity to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, gentamycin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole [ 93 ].…”

Healthcare seeking outside healthcare facilities and antibiotic dispensing patterns in rural Burkina Faso: A mixed methods study

“…Indeed, the latter's poor antibiotics knowledge – such as questionable antibiotics indications – may lead to excessive and inappropriate dispensing. Additionally, ciprofloxacin and erythromycin dispensing even for non‐infectious diseases at poor dosage and at treatment length according to symptoms duration is striking and may be fuelling the growing resistance level to these high resistance potential antibiotics [20, 28, 29]. The high financial incentive yield might be a reason for not looking for alternative activities even though informal drug selling is prohibited by the authorities.…”

“…Previous studies evaluating antibiotic access and use outside facilities in LMICs concluded that long waiting times in healthcare facilities, easy and unrestricted accessibility of drug retail outlets in communities, and a lower cost per treatment course dispensed were the main reasons for accessing antibiotics without prior formal consultation [16][17][18]. While largely overlooked in antimicrobial stewardship, antimicrobial dispensing and use outside healthcare facilities may contribute towards maintaining a high AMR burden [19][20][21]. Studying the reasons underlying healthcare seeking outside healthcare facilities is crucial to develop contextspecific interventions and to inform policy change.…”

Effects of maternal antenatal treatment with two doses of azithromycin added to monthly sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for the prevention of low birth weight in Burkina Faso: an open-label randomized controlled trial

“…Third, as the intervention aimed to reduce the contribution of sexually transmitted infections to low birth weight [6,32,33], the low prevalence of these infections in the study setting (below 4.0%) [34] does not offers a benefit of systematically adding an antibiotic to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine to prevent low birth weight [15][16][17][18]35]. Fourth but not least, there could be a high level of antimicrobial resistance to azithromycin in the study settings [36][37][38], that arose first from the high community level use of antibiotics prior to presentation to the hospital in rural Burkina Faso [39], the poor antimicrobial resistance stewardship at hospital level [40,41], or the mass azithromycin administration to communities during the last decade against trachoma [42]. The combination of these activities may have increased the resistance level to azithromycin, and severely alters its benefits when administered to pregnant women.…”