Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Bacteria Isolated from Cetaceans Stranded in the Philippines

Obusan, Marie Christine M.; Aragones, Lemnuel V.; Rivera, Windell L.; Siringan, Maria Auxilia T.

doi:10.1578/am.44.5.2018.568

Cited by 5 publications

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“…An overall high prevalence (88%) of resistance to at least one antibiotic was found among bacteria isolated from wild bottlenose dolphins in Florida, with highest resistances against erythromycin followed by ampicillin [ 6 ]. A previous study on antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacteria isolated from stranded cetaceans in the Philippines reported the highest resistance (47%) to cefazolin [ 12 ]. Susceptibilities to amikacin and gentamicin were also reported among bacteria isolated from marine mammals in Florida, South Carolina, and Northeastern US Coast [ 5 , 35 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Associations between increased prevalence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in marine mammals and proximity to human activities were strongly suggested [ 5 , 7 , 9 – 11 ]. The antibiotic susceptibility profiles of bacteria isolated from cetaceans found in the Philippines where previously reported, wherein more than half of the bacteria (n = 14) had single or multiple resistances to a selection of antibiotics [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bacteriological and histopathological findings in cetaceans that stranded in the Philippines from 2017 to 2018

et al. 2021

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The relatively high frequency of marine mammal stranding events in the Philippines provide many research opportunities. A select set of stranders (n = 21) from 2017 to 2018 were sampled for bacteriology and histopathology. Pertinent tissues and bacteria were collected from individuals representing eight cetacean species (i.e. Feresa attenuata, Kogia breviceps, Globicephala macrorhynchus, Grampus griseus, Lagenodelphis hosei, Peponocephala electra, Stenella attenuata and Stenella longirostris) and were subjected to histopathological examination and antibiotic resistance screening, respectively. The antibiotic resistance profiles of 24 bacteria (belonging to genera Escherichia, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Proteus, and Shigella) that were isolated from four cetaceans were determined using 18 antibiotics. All 24 isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic class, and 79.17% were classified as multiple antibiotic resistant (MAR). The MAR index values of isolates ranged from 0.06 to 0.39 with all the isolates resistant to erythromycin (100%; n = 24) and susceptible to imipenem, doripenem, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, and gentamicin (100%; n = 24). The resistance profiles of these bacteria show the extent of antimicrobial resistance in the marine environment, and may inform medical management decisions during rehabilitation of stranded cetaceans. Due to inadequate gross descriptions and limited data gathered by the responders during the stranding events, the significance of histopathological lesions in association with disease diagnosis in each cetacean stranding or mortality remained inconclusive; however, these histopathological findings may be indicative or contributory to the resulting debility and stress during their strandings. The findings of the study demonstrate the challenges faced by cetacean species in the wild, such as but not limited to, biological pollution through land-sea movement of effluents, fisheries interactions, and anthropogenic activities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriological and histopathological findings in cetaceans that stranded in the Philippines from 2017 to 2018

et al. 2021

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Section: Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria From Stranded Cetaceansmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…CC-BY 4.0 International license perpetuity. It is made available under a preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in The copyright holder for this this version posted November 30, 2020. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.11.30.403568 doi: bioRxiv preprint reported, wherein more than half of the bacteria (n=14) had single or multiple resistances to a selection of antibiotics [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriological and histopathological findings in cetaceans that stranded in the Philippines from 2017 to 2018

Obusan

Caras

Lumang

et al. 2020

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The relatively high frequency of marine mammal stranding events in the Philippines provide many research opportunities. A select set of stranders (n=21) from 2017 to 2018 were sampled for bacteriology and histopathology. Pertinent tissues and bacteria were collected from eight species (i.e. Feresa attenuata, Kogia breviceps, Globicephala macrorhynchus, Grampus griseus, Lagenodelphis hosei, Peponocephala electra, Stenella attenuata and Stenella longirostris) and were subjected to histopathological examination and antibiotic resistance screening, respectively. Lesions that were observed in tissues of 19 cetaceans include congestion, hemorrhage, edema, hemosiderosis, glomerulopathy, Zenker’s necrosis, atrophy, atelectasis, and parasitic cysts. These lesions may be associated with factors possibly contributing to the death, debility, and stress of the animals during their strandings. On the other hand, the resistance profiles of 24 bacteria (belonging to genera Escherichia, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Proteus, and Shigella) that were isolated from four cetaceans were determined using 18 antibiotics. All 24 isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic class, and 79.17% were classified as multiple antibiotic resistant (MAR). The MAR index values of isolates ranged from 0.06 to 0.39 with all the isolates resistant to erythromycin (100%; n=24) and susceptible to imipenem, doripenem, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, and gentamicin (100%; n=24). The resistance profiles of these bacteria can be used as basis for selecting antibiotics needed in the medical management of stranded cetaceans that need to be rehabilitated. Overall, the histopathological and bacteriological findings of the study demonstrate the challenges faced by cetacean species in the wild, such as but not limited to, biological pollution through land-sea movement of effluents, fisheries interactions, and anthropogenic activities.

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“…The parasite Toxoplasma gondii and bacteria of the genus Giardia were found in some samples collected from single stranding events of 30 individuals representing 11 species that were documented from January 2012 to March 2013 (Obusan et al, 2015). From these same stranding events, nine individuals that underwent rehabilitation were screened to test for bacterial susceptibility patterns to antibiotics (Obusan et al, 2018); these individuals represented five species including the roughtoothed dolphin, which exhibited development of some antibiotic resistance. In a similar study of samples collected from stranding events that occurred between October 2016 to August 2018 (n = 40), T. gondii and bacteria of the genus Leptospira were also detected (Obusan et al, 2019).…”

Section: Health and Ecotoxicologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of Research Effort and Extinction Risk of Marine Mammals in the Philippines

2021

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Global marine mammal research is disproportionately lacking compared to terrestrial mammal research and is strongly biased toward populations in Europe, North America, New Zealand, and Australia. With high extinction risks facing marine mammals in the tropics, we sought to identify potential drivers of research effort and extinction risk evaluations for marine mammals in the Philippines as a model for tropical island nations with limited resources and research capacity. Using a bibliographic approach, we compiled all materials on marine mammal research in the Philippines from 1991 to 2020, which we categorized into eight thematic areas of research focus. We reviewed all materials based on their research focus to assess the current scientific knowledge of local marine mammal populations. Using a simple metric to calculate research effort allocation, we found that all marine mammal species in the Philippines receive inadequate research attention. Using generalized linear models, we analyzed the relationship of potential factors that drive research effort. The model with the lowest Akaike Information Criterion value suggests that frequency of marine mammal stranding incidents may influence an increase in research effort on marine mammals by providing access to biological specimens that would normally be difficult to obtain. Strandings are unfortunate events with often unclear causes, but they provide an opportunity to collect data from behaviorally cryptic animals in areas where financial constraints often hamper scientific progress. We also determined that a national Red List evaluation was predicted by increased research effort. Maximizing local research using all materials from strandings and building research capacity may be an alternative to expensive field-based methods to increase knowledge on local marine mammal populations.

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Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Bacteria Isolated from Cetaceans Stranded in the Philippines

Cited by 5 publications

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Bacteriological and histopathological findings in cetaceans that stranded in the Philippines from 2017 to 2018

Bacteriological and histopathological findings in cetaceans that stranded in the Philippines from 2017 to 2018

Bacteriological and histopathological findings in cetaceans that stranded in the Philippines from 2017 to 2018

Patterns of Research Effort and Extinction Risk of Marine Mammals in the Philippines

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