Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Shigella spp. Isolated from Patients Suspected of Acute Gastroenteritis

Basnet, Bishal; Niroula, Dhirendra; Acharya, Jyoti; Basnyat, Shaila

doi:10.3126/jist.v26i2.41261

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Observations of high susceptibility of Shigella sp. to ceftriaxone and high resistance to nalidixic acid, tetracycline, and amikacin is consistent with Pourakbari et al (2010) and Basnet et al (2021) . Parenteral ceftriaxone is highly effective and recommended in the treatment of hospitalized children with severe shigellosis ( Ashkenazi et al, 2003 ) so the emergence of high resistance to this drug is of great concern.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

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Diarrhea-Causing Bacteria and Their Antibiotic Resistance Patterns Among Diarrhea Patients From Ghana

et al. 2022

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Diarrheal disease remains a major global health problem particularly in children under 5 years and the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of causative pathogens could slow control efforts, particularly in settings where treatment options are limited. This surveillance study conducted in Ghana aimed to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of diarrhea-causing bacteria. This was a cross-sectional study carried out in five health facilities in the Ga West Municipality of Ghana between 2017 and 2021. Diarrheic stool samples from patients were collected and cultured on standard differential/selective media and isolates identified by standard biochemical tests, MALDI-TOF assay, and serological analysis. The antibiogram was determined using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion and Microscan autoScan4 MIC panels which were used for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) detection. Bacteria were isolated from 97.5% (772/792) of stool samples, and 167 of the isolates were diarrheagenic and met our inclusion criteria for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) analysis. These included Escherichia coli (49.1%, 82/167), Salmonella species (23.9%, 40/167), Vibrio species (16.8%, 28/167), and Shigella species (10.2%, 17/167). Among 24 Vibrio species, we observed resistances to cefotaxime (21/24, 87.5%), ceftriaxone (20/24, 83.3%), and ciprofloxacin (6/24, 25%), including four multi-drug resistant isolates. All 13 Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates were resistant to cefazolin. All 17 Shigella isolates were resistant to tetracycline with resistance to shigellosis drugs such as norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin. Salmonella isolates were highly susceptible to norfloxacin (40/40, 100%) and tetracycline (12/34, 35%). Two ESBL-producing E. coli were also identified with marked susceptibility to gentamicin (66/72, 91.7%) and amikacin (57/72, 79.2%) prescribed in the treatment of E. coli infections. This study showed the different bacteria implicated in diarrhea cases in Ghana and the need for differential diagnoses for better treatment outcomes. Escherichia coli, Shigella, Salmonella, and Vibrio have all been implicated in diarrhea cases in Ghana. The highest prevalence was E. coli and Salmonella with Shigella the least prevalent. Resistance to commonly used drugs found in these isolates may render bacteria infection treatment in the near future nearly impossible. Routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing, effective monitoring, and nationwide surveillance of AMR pathogens should be implemented to curb the increase of antimicrobial resistance in Ghana.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…The Shigella spp. were additionally resistant to amikacin (4/17, 23.5%), ciprofloxacin (4/17, 23.5%), nalidixic acid (3/17, 17.6%), and norfloxacin (1/17, 5.9%) with the latter two formerly potent drugs used in Shigella dysentery infections in adults ( Basnet et al, 2021 ). Observations of high susceptibility of Shigella sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diarrhea-Causing Bacteria and Their Antibiotic Resistance Patterns Among Diarrhea Patients From Ghana

et al. 2022

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“…The findings that Shigella sp. exhibits strong resistance to tetracycline, amikacin, and nalidixic acid and high susceptibility to ceftriaxone are in line with the findings of Pourakbari et al, 34 and Basnet et al, 33 . The emergence of high resistance to parenteral ceftriaxone is concerning because it is highly effective and advised for the treatment of hospitalized children with severe shigellosis 35 .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…This could be the cause of this, due to easy access to the medication through pharmacies; there may also be some contribution from the careless use of the drug in the animal husbandry industry. In addition, the strains of Shigella were resistant to amikacin (10.7%), ciprofloxacin (28.8%), nalidixic acid (17.9%), and norfloxacin (5.4%), the latter two of which were once highly effective medications for treating adult cases of Shigella dysentery 33 . The findings that Shigella sp.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diarrhea Causing Enterobacteriaceae and Their Antibiotic Resistance Patterns Among Diarrhea Patients From Sana’a City, Yemen

AbdulMughni,

Al-Moyed,

Al-gunaid

et al. 2024

Univ J Pharm Res

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Background and aims: The rise of antibiotic-resistant strains of the bacteria causing diarrhea remains a major worldwide health concern, especially in children under five. The purpose of this surveillance study was to ascertain the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility profile of Enterobacteriaceae, which cause diarrhea. Materials and Methods: The National Center for Public Health Laboratories (NCPHL) in Sana'a city was the site of this cross-sectional investigation. Patient stool samples exhibiting diarrhea were gathered and cultivated using standard differential/selective medium. Standard biochemical assays and serological investigations were employed to identify the isolates. With the aid of Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion, the antibiogram was identified. Results: Enterobacteriaceae isolates were obtained from 972 stool samples collected; 15.3% (149/972) were diarrheagenic Enterobacteriaceae bacteria, including E. coli, Salmonella, and Shigella. There were 8.3% (81/972) Salmonella spp., 5.7% (56/972) Shigella spp., and 1.2% (12/972) E. coli. E. coli strains were grouped, with the most prominent being serogroups O153 (3, 2%) and O25 (2, 1.4%). Fifty-six (37.6%) Shigella species were identified as Shigella boydii type 2 and Shigella bodii type 17, which were the most common Shigella isolated (11, 8.1%, and 16, 10.7%, respectively). We detected high resistance of Salmonella isolates to tetracycline (29/81, 35.8%) but relatively low resistance to ciprofloxacin (7/81, 8.6%) and ceftriaxone (5/81, 6.3%). Conclusion: The many Enterobacteriaceae linked to instances of diarrhea in Sana'a, Yemen, were demonstrated in this study, along with the necessity of differential diagnosis for improved treatment results. Salmonella, Shigella, and Escherichia coli have all been linked to episodes of diarrhea in Sana'a city. To stop Yemen's antimicrobial resistance from spreading, regular antimicrobial susceptibility testing, efficient monitoring, and national surveillance of AMR bacteria should be put into place. Peer Review History: Received 3 February 2024; Revised 12 March 2024; Accepted 20 April; Available online 15 May 2024 Academic Editor: Dr. Gehan Fawzy Abdel Raoof Kandeel, Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt, gehankandeel9@yahoo.com Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.5/10 Reviewers: Dr. George Zhu, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, sansan4240732@163.com Dr. Esther Marguerite Chase DJANGA, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences. Department of Public Health. University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon. e.djanga@yahoo.com

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“…sonnei cases. Climate and environmental changes over time, as well as changes in innate characteristics of different serogroups and serotypes of Shigella, are additional explanation for this change [ 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial resistance in shigellosis: A surveillance study among urban and rural children over 20 years in Bangladesh

Nuzhat

Das

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

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Antimicrobial resistance against shigellosis is increasingly alarming. However, evidence-based knowledge gaps regarding the changing trends of shigellosis in Bangladesh exist due to the scarcity of longitudinal data on antimicrobial resistance. Our study evaluated the last 20 years antimicrobial resistance patterns against shigellosis among under-5 children in the urban and rural sites of Bangladesh. Data were extracted from the Diarrheal Disease Surveillance System (DDSS) of Dhaka Hospital (urban site) and Matlab Hospital (rural site) of the International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b) between January 2001 and December 2020. We studied culture-confirmed shigellosis cases from urban Dhaka Hospital (n = 883) and rural Matlab Hospital (n = 1263). Since 2001, a declining percentage of shigellosis in children observed in urban and rural sites. Moreover, higher isolation rates of Shigella were found in the rural site [1263/15684 (8.1%)] compared to the urban site [883/26804 (3.3%)] in the last 20 years. In both areas, S. flexneri was the predominant species. The upward trend of S. sonnei in both the study sites was statistically significant after adjusting for age and sex. WHO-recommended 1st line antibiotic ciprofloxacin resistance gradually reached more than 70% in both the urban and rural site by 2020. In multiple logistic regression after adjusting for age and sex, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, mecillinam, ceftriaxone, and multidrug resistance (resistance to any two of these four drugs) among under-5 children were found to be increasing significantly (p<0.01) in the last 20 years in both sites. The study results underscore the importance of therapeutic interventions for shigellosis by appropriate drugs based on their current antibiogram for under-5 children. These observations may help policymakers in formulating better case management strategies for shigellosis.

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Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Shigella spp. Isolated from Patients Suspected of Acute Gastroenteritis

Cited by 3 publications

References 30 publications

Diarrhea-Causing Bacteria and Their Antibiotic Resistance Patterns Among Diarrhea Patients From Ghana

Diarrhea-Causing Bacteria and Their Antibiotic Resistance Patterns Among Diarrhea Patients From Ghana

Diarrhea Causing Enterobacteriaceae and Their Antibiotic Resistance Patterns Among Diarrhea Patients From Sana’a City, Yemen

Antimicrobial resistance in shigellosis: A surveillance study among urban and rural children over 20 years in Bangladesh

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