Antibiotic Susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates from the Nasopharynx of Febrile Children under 5 Years in Nanoro, Burkina Faso

Abstract

(1) Background: nasopharynx colonization by resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae can lead to serious diseases. Emerging resistance to antibiotics commonly used to treat infections due to these pathogens poses a serious threat to the health system. The present study aimed to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of S. aureus and S. pneumoniae isolates from the febrile children’s nasopharynx under 5 years in Nanoro (Burkina Faso). (2) Methods: bacterial isolates were identified from nasopharyngeal swabs prospectively collected from 629 febrile children. Antibiotic susceptibility of S. aureus and S. pneumoniae isolates was assessed by Kirby–Bauer method and results were interpreted according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute guidelines. (3) Results: bacterial colonization was confirmed in 154 (24.5%) of children of whom 96.1% carried S. aureus, 3.2% had S. pneumoniae, and 0.6% carried both bacteria. S. aureus isolates showed alarming resistance to penicillin (96.0%) and S. pneumoniae was highly resistant to tetracycline (100%) and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (83.3%), and moderately resistant to penicillin (50.0%). Furthermore, 4.0% of S. aureus identified were methicillin resistant. (4) Conclusion: this study showed concerning resistance rates to antibiotics to treat suspected bacterial respiratory tract infections. The work highlights the necessity to implement continuous antibiotic resistance surveillance.

Study of Dittrichia Graveolens Extracts Effect against Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated from Urinary Tract Infections and Burns

“…Regarding urine samples, the results of our study showed that the number of isolates of S. aureus bacteria reached 20 isolates, a rate of 65%. This result is contrary to the result of the researcher [10], who obtained a rate of 17% of S. aureus isolates from urine samples, and our results are consistent with The findings of the researcher [9], who obtained a high percentage of 86% of S. aureus bacteria isolates from urine samples. The reason for the difference in these percentages in each study mentioned above may be due to bias in collecting samples or to the nature of the size of the research sample included in the study, in addition to the health and immune status of the patients included in each study and the type of colonizing bacteria for each individual.…”

Nucleic acid sensing Toll-like receptors 3 and 9 play complementary roles in the development of bacteremia after nasal colonization associated with influenza co-infection

“…Streptococcus pneumoniae is a Gram-positive bacterium which is a particular challenge for neonates and the elderly adults. Previous studies have concentrated on the phenomena associated with colonization, carriage rate and transmission [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. However, the events occurring after S. pneumoniae breaks the first barriers of protection in the nasopharynx, the invasion of the host, are still not understood.…”

Healthcare seeking outside healthcare facilities and antibiotic dispensing patterns in rural Burkina Faso: A mixed methods study

“…Previous studies evaluating antibiotic access and use outside facilities in LMICs concluded that long waiting times in healthcare facilities, easy and unrestricted accessibility of drug retail outlets in communities, and a lower cost per treatment course dispensed were the main reasons for accessing antibiotics without prior formal consultation [16][17][18]. While largely overlooked in antimicrobial stewardship, antimicrobial dispensing and use outside healthcare facilities may contribute towards maintaining a high AMR burden [19][20][21]. Studying the reasons underlying healthcare seeking outside healthcare facilities is crucial to develop contextspecific interventions and to inform policy change.…”