Antibiotic susceptibility of cultivable aerobic microbiota from the oral cavity of Echis carinatus from Odisha (India)

Padhi, Laxmipriya; Panda, Suchismita; Mohapatra, Pratyush P.; Sahoo, Gunanidhi

doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104121

Cited by 12 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…15 Scholars from India recommended that amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, levofloxacin, azithromycin, and imipenem can effectively contain the risk of secondary bacterial infections. 28 However, in our study, isolated bacteria from snakebites showed 73.0% resistance to ampicillin, 91.3% resistance to cefoxitin, 91.7% resistance to cephazolin, and 88.5% resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanic. In addition, we observed 11 beta-lactamase production strains and 5 methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains among staphylococci.…”

Section: Microbiology Of Snakebite Woundscontrasting

confidence: 54%

Bacteriological Studies of Venomous Snakebite Wounds in Hangzhou, Southeast China

Lou

Shen

et al. 2022

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Snakebite is a common occurrence in Hangzhou, and identifying bacteria in wounds is very important for snakebite treatment. To define the pattern of wound bacterial flora of venomous snakebites and their susceptibility to common antibiotics, we reviewed the medical charts of patients admitted with snakebite at Hangzhou TCM Hospital from January 2019 to December 2020. A total of 311 patients were enrolled in this study. Among them, bacteria culture was positive in 40 patients, and 80 organisms were isolated. The most frequent pathogens were Morganella morganii and Staphylococcus aureus. According to the results of susceptibility testing, a majority of the isolates were resistant to some common first-line antibiotics, such as ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefoxitin, and cephazolin. Quinolones, however, have shown a better antibacterial effect. In conclusion, snakebite wounds involve a wide range of bacteria. Fluoroquinolones, such as levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, could be an alternative for empirical treatment in patients with snakebite when the effect of other antibiotics is poor.

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Section: Microbiology Of Snakebite Woundscontrasting

confidence: 54%

Bacteriological Studies of Venomous Snakebite Wounds in Hangzhou, Southeast China

Lou

Shen

et al. 2022

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…However, we are in the early stages of understanding the microbiome of snakes and snakebite wounds. Generally, bacterial isolates from the oral cavity of snakes are not all pathogenic: they may cause wound infections or abscesses in humans but so do normal environmental contaminants or soil pathogens [46]. Although bacterial pathogens can make some people critically ill, many people who asymptomatically carry these organisms are often unaware that they are infected, and it is difficult to draw a line between the asymptomatic presence of such pathogens and the normal microflora [47].…”

Section: Plos Neglected Tropical Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although bacterial pathogens can make some people critically ill, many people who asymptomatically carry these organisms are often unaware that they are infected, and it is difficult to draw a line between the asymptomatic presence of such pathogens and the normal microflora [47]. We do not know if antibiotic treatment must be directed at each isolated organism, at only presumed bacterial ringleaders, or even at organisms that were once considered probably nonpathogenic lab weeds [46]. Nevertheless, ascertaining this information should be the initial stage of any study that attempts to establish appropriate antimicrobial therapy for N. atra envenomation.…”

Section: Plos Neglected Tropical Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation of conventional microbial culture for the Naja atra bite wound, and the comparison between culture-based 16S Sanger sequencing and 16S metagenomics of the snake oropharyngeal bacterial microbiota

et al. 2021

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Naja atra is a major venomous snake found in Taiwan. The bite of this snake causes extensive wound necrosis or necrotizing soft tissue infection. Conventional microbial culture-based techniques may fail to identify potential human pathogens and render antibiotics ineffective in the management of wound infection. Therefore, we evaluated 16S Sanger sequencing and next-generation sequencing (NGS) to identify bacterial species in the oropharynx of N. atra. Using conventional microbial culture methods and the VITEK 2 system, we isolated nine species from snakebite wounds. On the basis of the 16S Sanger sequencing of bacterial clones from agar plates, we identified 18 bacterial species in the oropharynx of N. atra, including Morganella morganii, Proteus vulgaris, and Proteus mirabilis, which were also present in the infected bite wound. Using NGS of 16S metagenomics, we uncovered more than 286 bacterial species in the oropharynx of N. atra. In addition, the bacterial species identified using 16S Sanger sequencing accounted for only 2% of those identified through NGS of 16S metagenomics. The bacterial microbiota of the oropharynx of N. atra were modeled better using NGS of 16S metagenomics compared to microbial culture-based techniques. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Proteus penneri were also identified in the NGS of 16S metagenomics. Understanding the bacterial microbiota that are native to the oropharynx of N. atra, in addition to the bite wound, may have additional therapeutic implications regarding empiric antibiotic selection for managing N. atra bites.

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“…freundii , P . vulgaris , Pseudomonas ), which were already detected in snakes, that may act both as reservoirs and spreaders [ 94 , 95 ]. As the bacteria above may be opportunistic pathogens of humans and multi-drug resistant strains have been identified [ 96 ], correct biosafety measures should be applied during and after the “ festa dei serpari ” event.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasites and microorganisms associated with the snakes collected for the “festa Dei serpari” in Cocullo, Italy

Mendoza-Roldan,

Perles,

Filippi

et al. 2024

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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While in much of the Western world snakes are feared, in the small, rural, mountainous town of Cocullo, in the middle of central Italy, snakes are annually collected and celebrated in a sacro-profane ritual. Every 1st of May, Serpari (snake catchers) capture and showcase dozens of non-venomous snakes to celebrate the ritual of San Domenico. In order to detect potential zoonotic pathogens within this unique epidemiological context, parasites and microorganisms of snakes harvested for the “festa dei serpari” ritual was investigated. Snakes (n = 112) were examined and ectoparasites collected, as well as blood and feces sampled. Ectoparasites were identified morpho-molecularly, and coprological examination conducted through direct smear and flotation. Molecular screenings were performed to identify parasites and microorganisms in collected samples (i.e., Mesostigmata mites, Anaplasma/Ehrlichia spp., Rickettsia spp., Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Coxiella burnetii, Babesia/Theileria spp., Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia spp., Leishmania spp. and helminths). Overall, 28.5% (32/112) of snakes were molecularly positive for at least one parasite and/or microorganism. Endosymbiont Wolbachia bacteria were identified from Macronyssidae mites and zoonotic vector-borne bacteria (e.g., Rickettsia, Leishmania), as well as orally transmitted pathogens (i.e., Cryptosporidium, Giardia, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas), were detected from blood and feces. Thus, given the central role of the snakes in the tradition of Cocullo, surveys of their parasitic fauna and associated zoonotic pathogens may aid to generate conservation policies to benefit the human-snake interactions, whilst preserving the cultural patrimony of this event.

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Antibiotic susceptibility of cultivable aerobic microbiota from the oral cavity of Echis carinatus from Odisha (India)

Cited by 12 publications

References 24 publications

Bacteriological Studies of Venomous Snakebite Wounds in Hangzhou, Southeast China

Bacteriological Studies of Venomous Snakebite Wounds in Hangzhou, Southeast China

An investigation of conventional microbial culture for the Naja atra bite wound, and the comparison between culture-based 16S Sanger sequencing and 16S metagenomics of the snake oropharyngeal bacterial microbiota

Parasites and microorganisms associated with the snakes collected for the “festa Dei serpari” in Cocullo, Italy

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