Antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial pathogens recovered from the hand and mobile phones of university students

Momani, Waleed; Khatatbeh, Moawiah; Altaany, Zaid

doi:10.18683/germs.2019.1152

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…e high occurrence of Staphylococcus epidermidis on the devices may be due to the presence of the bacterium on the hands and skin. Comparably, findings of 12.7% and 14.4% for Staphylococcus aureus have been reported in Jordan and Ethiopia [25,28]. In contrast to this study, higher prevalences of 16.2%, 20%, 30.6%, 35%, 39%, and 54.1% for Staphylococcus aureus have been reported in Saudi Arabia, Nigeria, Slovakia, Iraq, Libya, and India [9,19,24,27,32,38].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 82%

“…Similar findings of 28.4% for Staphylococcus epidermidis have been reported in Iraq [20]. Contrary to this study, a higher prevalence of 33.7% and 42.8% for Staphylococcus epidermidis have been documented in Jordan and Nigeria [28,37]. However, a lower prevalence of 16% and 19% have been reported in studies in Saudi Arabia and Nigeria [9,38].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…In contrast to this study finding, a higher mobile phone bacterial contamination rate of 92%-100% has been documented in Slovakia, Turkey, Ethiopia, Saudi Arabia, and Ghana, respectively [12,[24][25][26][27]. However, lower mobile phone bacterial contamination rates of 29%, 33%, 34%, 40.6%, 58.3%, and 62% have been reported in Jordan, Brazil, Iran, India, Libya, and Nigeria [9,[28][29][30][31][32]. Contrary to this study finding that the computer keyboard bacterial contamination rate was 43%, higher contamination rates of 76% and 99% have been reported in Iran and India, respectively [33,34].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 65%

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Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria on the Mobile Phones and Computer Keyboards of Healthcare University Students in Ghana

Olu-Taiwo

Laryea

Mykels

et al. 2021

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiolog

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Globally, mobile phones and computers (laptops and desktops) are indispensable part of human lives for communication, entertainment, and educational purposes. However, there are concerns about the increasing risk of bacterial contamination and antibiotic resistant trends from the surfaces of these devices. This study aims to assess bacterial contamination of mobile phones and computer keyboards and their resistant profile at the University of Ghana, Korle-Bu Campus, Accra. This was a cross-sectional study conducted from March to June 2017 with 240 swabs collected from the surfaces of mobile phones and computer keyboards used by healthcare students. Swabs were cultured on MacConkey, blood, and mannitol salt agar. Bacteria identification was performed with a standard bacteriological method. A total of 91 bacterial isolates were obtained from the devices, and they were tested against 9 commonly used antibiotics by the Kirby–Bauer disc method. The study revealed mobile phones and computer keyboards had contamination levels of 83.3% and 43.3%. Bacteria isolated included Staphylococcus epidermidis (25.4%), Klebsiella spp. (12.9%), Staphylococcus aureus (9.2%), Escherichia coli (6.7%), Pseudomonas spp. (5.4%), Enterobacter cloacae (2.1%), and Enterobacter spp. (1.7%). Overall, 91 bacterial isolates were highly resistant to ampicillin (96.7%) and tetracycline (75.8%) and moderately resistant to chloramphenicol (49.5%) with lower resistance to cefotaxime (18.7%), ceftadizime (14.2%), ciprofloxacin (25.3%), and gentamycin (24.7%). Additionally, 45.1% of isolates were multidrug resistant. Findings from this study revealed mobile phones and computer keyboards of healthcare students in the university were contaminated with pathogenic bacteria. Hence, frequent hand hygiene and disinfection of mobile phones and computer keyboard surfaces is encouraged to minimize the spread of resistant bacteria pathogens.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 65%

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Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria on the Mobile Phones and Computer Keyboards of Healthcare University Students in Ghana

Olu-Taiwo

Laryea

Mykels

et al. 2021

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiolog

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“…MAR index is the number of antibiotics to which test isolate displayed resistance divided by the total number of antibiotics to which the test organism has been evaluated for sensitivity. MAR index for each isolate was calculated as per the guidelines of Al Momani et al (2019). Isolates with a MARI of greater than 0.2 was accounted as Multi-Antibiotics Resistance strains while those with 0.2 to 0.25 was not considered because of chances of ambiguity.…”

Section: Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (Mar) Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Effluents of Different Hospitals Sewage in Biratnagar, Nepal

Mahato¹,

Mahato

Adhikari

2019

Int. J. Environ.

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Untreated water from hospitals of Biratnagar as effluent is a serious concern from health point of view. Antimicrobial resistant bacteria are a serious threat which may contaminate the drinking water and environment. With an aim of isolation and detection of Multidrug resistance (MDR) and Extended-spectrum lactamases (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae from the effluents and sewage samples of hospitals, this study builds the importance to inquiry about the involvement of hospital liquid waste discharge in the development and distribution of antibiotics resistance in the environment bacteria. Ten hospital sewage samples were aseptically collected, processed and analyzed. Isolates were biochemically identified, and their antimicrobial activity were tested. Of the ten sewage samples analyzed, 23 bacteria isolates were isolated which contained 8 Escherichia coli (34.7%), 5 isolates each of Citrobacter spp (21.7%) andEnterobacter spp (21.7%), 3 isolates of Klebsiella spp (13%), and 1 isolate each of Shigella spp (4.3%) and Yersinia spp (4.3%). Most of the bacteria isolated were resistant to ampicillin, ceftazidime, cefpodoxime, amoxicillin/clavulanate, cefotaxime, cefoxitin, ceftriaxone, and cefuroxime. The isolates were sensitive to nitrofurantoin, azithromycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and gentamycin antibiotics. Out of twentythree isolates, 16 (69.6%) were found to be multidrug resistant, 7 (30.4%) were producing extended beta lactamase, while 18 (78.3%) multi-antibiotics resistance index greater than 20%. Among the bacteria isolated; 80% of the Citrobacter; and 75% of the E. coli were found biofilm producing bacteria. Sewage treatment plant must be established in hospital for their effluents and sludge coming from the hospital.

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“…In this study, mobile phones had the highest number of isolated bacteria {48% (328/684)} whereas hands-free headphones/microphones were the least contaminated {2.2% (15/684)} ( Table I ). This observation could be explained by Gram-positive bacteria being common skin contaminants and are therefore frequently transmitted to surfaces of hand-held devices [ [15] , [16] , [17] ]. Also, among Gram-positive bacteria, spore-forming bacilli were common.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbapenem-resistant bacteria on hand-held and hands-free electronic devices of healthcare workers and non-healthcare workers in Delhi, India

Bhalla

Aggarwal

Fatima

2021

Infection Prevention in Practice

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Summary Background Monitoring sensitivity profiles of circulating hospital strains is a key activity of a hospital infection control policy. The hospital environment and equipment may be reservoirs for carbapenem-resistant bacteria. Mobile phones have been shown to be a potential source for the transmission of bacteria in the healthcare environment. Methods Bacteria were cultured from seven common electronic devices. These included touchpads, chargers, hands-free headphones/microphones, laptops, digital wristwatches and computer mice which were used by healthcare workers and non-healthcare workers including family members and patient attendants. The Gram-negative bacteria were further analysed for phenotypic and genotypic ( bla KPC , bla NDM-1 genes) carbapenem resistance. Results 110 Gram-negative bacteria were isolated Mobile phones were found to be the most heavily contaminated devices and hands-free devices the least. 53.6% (n=59/110) Gram-negative bacteria were phenotypically carbapenem-resistant of which 36.37% (n=40) were metallo-β-lactamase positive. 40% (n=44/110) were genotypically resistant and 30% (n=33) were bla NDM-1 gene positive. 9% (n=10) bacteria had both bla NDM–1 and bla KPC genes. Conclusions Carbapenem-resistant bacteria are widespread in India's hospital environment and present a challenge in healthcare. Electronic devices are a potential vehicle for the transmission of carbapenem-resistant bacteria. The results of the study support that hands-free electronic devices are less likely to be contaminated with carbapenem-resistant bacteria and that promoting the use of hands-free devices may help to reduce the spread of multidrug resistant bacteria in healthcare.

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Antibiotic susceptibility of bacterial pathogens recovered from the hand and mobile phones of university students

Cited by 18 publications

References 8 publications

Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria on the Mobile Phones and Computer Keyboards of Healthcare University Students in Ghana

Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria on the Mobile Phones and Computer Keyboards of Healthcare University Students in Ghana

Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Effluents of Different Hospitals Sewage in Biratnagar, Nepal

Carbapenem-resistant bacteria on hand-held and hands-free electronic devices of healthcare workers and non-healthcare workers in Delhi, India

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