Antibiotic Susceptibility and Its Genetic Analysis of Vibrio Cholerae Non-O1, Non-O139 From Environmental Sources in Lao People's Democratic Republic

Miyazato, Tomonori; Tamaki, Yuko; Sithivong, Noikaseumsy; Phantouamath, Bounnanh; Insisiengmay, Sithat; Higa, Naomi; Toma, Claudia; Nakasone, Noboru; Iwanaga, Masaaki

doi:10.2149/tmh.32.245

Cited by 7 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The changing landscape of antibiotic resistance in pathogenic bacteria associated with diarrhoeal patients in Indonesia was documented by Tjaniadi et al (2003). The presence of ampicillin-resistant V. cholerae isolates in this study appeared to be similar to that found in Laos, where both non-O1 and non-O139 isolates were found to be resistant to ampicillin (Miyazato et al, 2004).…”

Section: Prevalence Of V Cholerae Non-o1 Serogroups In Edible Icesupporting

confidence: 75%

“…There has been an increase in the incidence of antibiotic resistance in O1, O139 and non-O1 V. cholerae serogroups in both clinical and environmental isolates (Deashinta et al, 2007;Mandal et al, 2012;Rahmani et al, 2012;Panda et al, 2012). V. cholerae O1 strains that are resistant to cefotaxime, nalidixic acid, streptomycin, tetracycline and trimethoprim have been isolated from south India (Jagadeeshan et al 2009), andIwanaga et al (2004) reported V. cholerae O1 strains from a patient in Laos resistant to chloramphenicol, tetracycline, streptomycin and trimethoprim.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Edible ice in Jakarta, Indonesia, is contaminated with multidrug-resistant Vibrio cholerae with virulence potential

Waturangi

Wennars

Suhartono

et al. 2013

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Consumption of street food is considered a major health risk in the absence of public-health inspection programmes in Indonesia. It is hypothesized that ice used in street food could be one of the major sources of Vibrio cholerae contamination. This study documented V. cholerae contamination in edible ice from different areas of Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia, and attempted to characterize the virulence potential of the strains. A selective medium was used to isolate 98 V. cholerae strains and their identity was confirmed using biochemical assays. Serological tests classified the majority (78 %) in the non-O1 serogroup. Multiplex PCR was used to detect the presence of V. cholerae virulence genes, namely ctxA, ompU, tcpA, ace, zot and toxR. The toxR, ctxA, ompU and zot genes were detected in 75, 26, 15 and 1 % of isolates, respectively. The ace and tcpA genes were not detected in any of the isolates. The ctxA gene encoding the cholera toxin subunit A, which has been associated only with clinical strains of O1, here was present in both serogroups. The antibiotic-resistance profile showed that 65, 60, 52, 39, 37, 19 and 3 % of the isolates were resistant to ampicillin, streptomycin, kanamycin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, erythromycin, tetracycline and ciprofloxacin, respectively. A large proportion of V. cholerae isolates came from west and south Jakarta, and these strains exhibited multidrug resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline, erythromycin, kanamycin and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. Many of these isolates from west and south Jakarta also harboured toxR, encoding a regulator, and ctxA. The presence of multidrug-resistant V. cholerae with virulence genes in edible ice, which could cause a severe outbreak, reflects the poor water quality in Jakarta, and indicates an urgent need for better surveillance and management. INTRODUCTIONIce products are often used in street foods and are consumed by most people, especially in tropical countries such as Indonesia. Microbial infections acquired from contaminated ice are not uncommon and have been reported for Escherichia coli O157 : H7, Legionella pneumophila, Salmonella enteritidis and Norwalk-like virus (Kim & Harrison, 2008;Seo et al., 2006;Boccia et al., 2002;Graman et al., 1997). A significant number of cholera cases are due to consumption of contaminated water rather than personto-person transmission (Schild et al., 2008).The causative agent of cholera is Vibrio cholerae. Although it is a marine organism, it can also be found in fresh-water rivers. There are two V. cholerae serogroups, O1 and non-O1. Members of the O1 group are associated with epidemic cholera, whereas non-O1 members isolated from estuaries are associated with sporadic illness. The presence of virulence genes is usually associated with the O1 group (Sack et al., 2004). However, this scenario has been evolving slowly in recent years, and several studies have reported the presence of virulence genes in non-O1 environmental isolates (Kumar et al., 2008;Jagadeeshan et al., 2009...

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Section: Prevalence Of V Cholerae Non-o1 Serogroups In Edible Icesupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Edible ice in Jakarta, Indonesia, is contaminated with multidrug-resistant Vibrio cholerae with virulence potential

Waturangi

Wennars

Suhartono

et al. 2013

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…Waldor et al [1996] identified in V. cholerae O1 and O139 an approximately 62 kb self-transmissible, chromosomally integrating genetic element, which was found to contain genes encoding resistance to sulphonamides, trimethoprim and streptomycin [ 11 ]. However, the antibiotic susceptibilities of organisms fluctuate spatially and temporally [ 19 ]. These susceptibilities have to be examined in order to better understand the organisms' epidemiological features [ 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic susceptibility profiles of some Vibrio strains isolated from wastewater final effluents in a rural community of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa

2010

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BackgroundTo evaluate the antibiogram and antibiotic resistance genes of some Vibrio strains isolated from wastewater final effluents in a rural community of South Africa. V. vulnificus (18), V. metschnikovii (3), V. fluvialis (19) and V. parahaemolyticus (12) strains were isolated from final effluents of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) located in a rural community of South Africa. The disk diffusion method was used for the characterization of the antibiogram of the isolates. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed to evaluate the presence of established antibiotic resistance genes using specific primer sets.ResultsThe Vibrio strains showed the typical multidrug-resistance phenotype of an SXT element. They were resistant to sulfamethoxazole (Sul), trimethoprim (Tmp), cotrimoxazole (Cot), chloramphenicol (Chl), streptomycin (Str), ampicillin (Amp), tetracycline (Tet) nalidixic acid (Nal), and gentamicin (Gen). The antibiotic resistance genes detected includes dfr18 and dfrA1 for trimethoprim; floR, tetA, strB, sul2 for chloramphenicol, tetracycline, streptomycin and sulfamethoxazole respectively. Some of these genes were only recently described from clinical isolates, demonstrating genetic exchange between clinical and environmental Vibrio species.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that final effluents from wastewater treatment plants are potential reservoirs of various antibiotics resistance genes. Moreover, detection of resistance genes in Vibrio strains obtained from the wastewater final effluents suggests that these resistance determinants might be further disseminated in habitats downstream of the sewage plant, thus constituting a serious health risk to the communities reliant on the receiving waterbodies.

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“…The resistant genes for these two antibiotics are known to be encoded by SXT element. The reason that not all SXTint isolates were resistant to SXT and streptomycin could be the finding that the SXT element may acquire the resistance genes through horizontal transfer (Miyazato et al, 2004). Therefore, the presence of SXT element should be monitored even in drug susceptible V. cholerae isolates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the presence of SXT element should be monitored even in drug susceptible V. cholerae isolates. Miyazato et al (2004) have indicated that no mobile genetic elements such as plasmid, class I integron or SXT element was detected in 22 environmental non-O1, non-O139 strains which were isolated from 13 distant sampling sites in Vietnam. In conclusion, the data presented in this study showed that the SXT-C element intrinsically harboring several different antibiotic resistance gene cassettes is widely distributed among different clinical and in acceptable number, in environmental V. cholerae in Iran.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of sulfamethoxazole trimethoprim constin in Vibrio cholerae isolated from patients and environment in Iran

Adabi¹,

Jabbari²,

Lari³

2011

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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The occurrence of drug-resistant Vibrio cholerae is being reported with increasing frequency worldwide. Spread of resistant strains has been attributed, in part, sulfamethoxazole trimethoprimconstin (SXT-C). Sixty V. cholerae isolates obtained from cholera patients from different provinces in Iran during 2004 to 2006 and thirty-seven V. cholerae strains from surface water sources at 5 different locations in Tehran, Iran during 2006 were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing and polymerase chain reaction amplification of SXT-C. In clinical isolates the highest and the least levels of antibiotic resistance were seen to SXT, streptomycin and chloramphenicol (95, 95 and 92%, respectively) and doxycycline, gentamicin and oxytetracycline (0, 3 and 3%, respectively). PCR for SXT element of clinical and environmental isolates was positive for 95 and 19% of isolates, respectively. The results of this study showed that among the clinical and environmental V. cholerae resistance to SXT, streptomycin and chloramphenicol could be, in part, due to wide distribution of SXT-C isolates.

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Antibiotic Susceptibility and Its Genetic Analysis of Vibrio Cholerae Non-O1, Non-O139 From Environmental Sources in Lao People's Democratic Republic

Cited by 7 publications

References 24 publications

Edible ice in Jakarta, Indonesia, is contaminated with multidrug-resistant Vibrio cholerae with virulence potential

Edible ice in Jakarta, Indonesia, is contaminated with multidrug-resistant Vibrio cholerae with virulence potential

Antibiotic susceptibility profiles of some Vibrio strains isolated from wastewater final effluents in a rural community of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa

Distribution of sulfamethoxazole trimethoprim constin in Vibrio cholerae isolated from patients and environment in Iran

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