Antibiotic stewardship in the newborn surgical patient: A quality improvement project in the neonatal intensive care unit

Walker, Scott G.; Datta, Ankur; Massoumi, Roxanne L.; Gross, Erica R.; Uhing, Michael R.; Arca, Marjorie J.

doi:10.1016/j.surg.2017.07.021

Cited by 31 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Thirty-nine (39/113, 34.5%) were multicentre studies: 43.6% (17/39) were set in the USA, 35.9% (14/39) in Europe, and the rest 20.5% in Asia and Africa (8/39). [52,58,66,67,72,106,112,115,124,137,141] as an outcome used mostly to analyse audit and feedback ASP [58,67,74,141]. In five cases, no changes were reported [58,66,74,106,115], while the other seven studies showed an increased susceptibility of the bacteria analysed [52,67,72,112,124,137,141].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[52,58,66,67,72,106,112,115,124,137,141] as an outcome used mostly to analyse audit and feedback ASP [58,67,74,141]. In five cases, no changes were reported [58,66,74,106,115], while the other seven studies showed an increased susceptibility of the bacteria analysed [52,67,72,112,124,137,141]. The most interesting results were a decrease in extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers E. coli and K. pneumoniae [72,112,124]; a reduction in the rate of P. aeruginosa carbapenem resistance subsequent to an observed reduction in the rate of antimicrobial days of therapy (DOT) [67,124]; and, in two studies set in outpatient setting, an increase in erythromycin-sensitive S. pyogenes following a reduction in the use of macrolides [137,141].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Implementation and impact of pediatric antimicrobial stewardship programs: a systematic scoping review

Donà

Barbieri

Daverio

et al. 2020

Antimicrob Resist Infect Control

108

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Background: Antibiotics are the most common medicines prescribed to children in hospitals and the community, with a high proportion of potentially inappropriate use. Antibiotic misuse increases the risk of toxicity, raises healthcare costs, and selection of resistance. The primary aim of this systematic review is to summarize the current state of evidence of the implementation and outcomes of pediatric antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) globally. Methods: MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched to identify studies reporting on ASP in children aged 0-18 years and conducted in outpatient or in-hospital settings. Three investigators independently reviewed identified articles for inclusion and extracted relevant data. Results: Of the 41,916 studies screened, 113 were eligible for inclusion in this study. Most of the studies originated in the USA (52.2%), while a minority were conducted in Europe (24.7%) or Asia (17.7%). Seventy-four (65.5%) studies used a before-and-after design, and sixteen (14.1%) were randomized trials. The majority (81.4%) described in-hospital ASPs with half of interventions in mixed pediatric wards and ten (8.8%) in emergency departments. Only sixteen (14.1%) studies focused on the costs of ASPs. Almost all the studies (79.6%) showed a significant reduction in inappropriate prescriptions. Compliance after ASP implementation increased. Sixteen of the included studies quantified cost savings related to the intervention with most of the decreases due to lower rates of drug administration. Seven studies showed an increased susceptibility of the bacteria analysed with a decrease in extended spectrum beta-lactamase producers E. coli and K. pneumoniae; a reduction in the rate of P. aeruginosa carbapenem resistance subsequent to an observed reduction in the rate of antimicrobial days of therapy; and, in two studies set in outpatient setting, an increase in erythromycin-sensitive S. pyogenes following a reduction in the use of macrolides. Conclusions: Pediatric ASPs have a significant impact on the reduction of targeted and empiric antibiotic use, healthcare costs, and antimicrobial resistance in both inpatient and outpatient settings. Pediatric ASPs are now widely implemented in the USA, but considerable further adaptation is required to facilitate their uptake in Europe, Asia, Latin America and Africa.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation and impact of pediatric antimicrobial stewardship programs: a systematic scoping review

Donà

Barbieri

Daverio

et al. 2020

Antimicrob Resist Infect Control

108

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A recently published systematic scoping review on antibiotic stewardship in pediatrics [ 11 ] reported that so far only eight studies focused on PAP. Six showing an improvement in antibiotic usage appropriateness after PAP guideline implementation [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 12 , 13 , 14 ], one not reporting any change in PAP adherence after a checklist and antibiotic order list implementation [ 7 ], and one [ 15 ] reporting no significant changes in hospital-associated infection rate nor in multidrug-resistant organism rate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness and Sustainability of an Antimicrobial Stewardship Program for Perioperative Prophylaxis in Pediatric Surgery

et al. 2020

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Background—Appropriate perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis (PAP) is essential to prevent surgical site infections (SSIs) and to avoid antibiotics misuse. Aim—The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness and long-term sustainability of an antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP), based on a clinical pathway (CP) and periodic education, to improve adherence to the guidelines for PAP in a tertiary care pediatric surgery center. Methods—We assessed the changes in PAP correctness and its effect on SSIs between the six months before and the 24 months after the implementation of ASP in the Pediatric Surgery Unit of the Department of Women’s and Children’s Health of Padova. The ASP was addressed to all surgeons and anesthesiologists of the Pediatric Surgery Unit. The primary outcome was appropriateness of PAP (agent, timing of the first dose, and duration). SSI rate was the secondary outcome. Results—1771 patients were included in the study and 676 received PAP. The overall correctness of the PAP, in terms of agent, timing, and duration, increased significantly after the CP implementation. What changed most was the PAP discontinuation within 24 h (p < 0.001). Cefazolin was the most used antibiotic, with a significant increase in the post-intervention period (p < 0.001) and with a reduction in the use of other broad-spectrum antibiotics. No variations in the incidence of SSIs were reported in the five periods (p = 0.958). Conclusion—The implementation of an ASP based on CP and education is an effective and sustainable antimicrobial stewardship tool for improving the correct use of PAP.

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“…Recently, Walker et al have showed that omitting empiric postnatal antibiotics among 127 infants with a congenital gastrointestinal surgical condition was not associated with an increased risk of SSI at 30 days; however, they excluded infants with gastroschisis. 13 They also found that limiting postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis to 24 hours or less was appropriate, as the 9% SSI rate reported was similar to their preprotocol implementation rate. 13…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Antimicrobial Prophylaxis Use in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: An Antimicrobial Stewardship Target That Deserves Attention!

et al. 2021

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Objective Previous analyses of neonatal intensive care units (NICU) antimicrobial stewardship programs have identified key contributors to overall antibiotic use, including prolonged empiric therapy >48 hours for early-onset sepsis (EOS). However, most were performed in mixed NICU settings with onsite birthing units, resulting in a high proportion of inborn patient admissions. The study aimed to describe and analyze the most common reasons for antimicrobial use in an outborn tertiary care NICU. Study Design This was a 10-month review of all antimicrobial doses prescribed in a 20-bed level III NICU. The primary outcome was the total days of therapy (DOT) and length of therapy (LOT) for each clinical indication. Secondary outcomes included total DOT for each antimicrobial and appropriateness of antimicrobial courses. Results Of 235 antibiotic courses and 1,899 DOT (519 DOT/1,000 patient days) prescribed in 173 infants during the study period, the most common indications were suspected EOS, followed by prophylaxis. Among the 85 DOT/1,000 patient days (PD; 38 courses) prescribed for prophylaxis, 52.5 DOT/1,000 PD (25 courses; 62%) were for surgical prophylaxis. Of 17 postoperative antibiotic courses, 15 (88.2%) were deemed to be inappropriate mostly due to a duration greater than 24 hours postoperatively (n = 13; median LOT = 3 days). Conclusion Surgical prophylaxis is a common reason for antimicrobial misuse in outborn NICU. NICU-based prospective audit and feedback between neonatologists and antimicrobial stewardship teams alone may not be impactful in this setting. Partnerships with neonatologists and surgeons will be key to achieving the target of less than 24 hours of postoperative antimicrobials. Key Points

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Antibiotic stewardship in the newborn surgical patient: A quality improvement project in the neonatal intensive care unit

Cited by 31 publications

References 18 publications

Implementation and impact of pediatric antimicrobial stewardship programs: a systematic scoping review

Implementation and impact of pediatric antimicrobial stewardship programs: a systematic scoping review

Effectiveness and Sustainability of an Antimicrobial Stewardship Program for Perioperative Prophylaxis in Pediatric Surgery

Antimicrobial Prophylaxis Use in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: An Antimicrobial Stewardship Target That Deserves Attention!

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