Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of community associated-methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Mandelia, Chetan; Shenoy, Shalini; Garg, Yamini

doi:10.1590/s0037-86822012000300031

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…Empirical treatment of SSTI and other SA-related infections should be based on the prevalence of CA-MRSA and antibiotic susceptibilities of MRSA in the region. In another Indian study, the levels of CA-MRSA resistant to vancomycin, linezolid, clindamycin, and gentamicin were low, and ciprofloxacin and cotrimoxazole resistance was common [26]. These results are in accordance with our findings, suggesting that this information can be used to select empirical treatment in India.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Prevalence and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a Rural Area of India: Is MRSA Replacing Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus in the Community?

Alvarez-Uria¹,

Reddy²

2012

ISRN Dermatology

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Staphylococcus aureus (SA) is the most common cause of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) and nosocomial infections. In developed countries there is a major concern about the rise of community-associated methicillin-resistant SA (CA-MRSA), but data from developing countries are scarce. In this study we describe the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of CA-MRSA and healthcare-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA) in a district hospital from rural India. We identified 119 CA-SA infections and 82 HA-SA infections. The majority of infections were SSTI, and the proportion of MRSA in CA-SA and HA-SA infections was 64.7% and 70.7%, respectively. The proportion of CA-MRSA in children <5 years was 73.7%. We did not observe any linezolid or vancomycin resistance. CA-SA had high levels of resistance to ciprofloxacin and low levels of resistance to chloramphenicol, doxycycline, rifampicin, and clindamycin. CA-MRSA had higher proportion of resistance to ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, gentamicin, and cotrimoxazole than CA methicillin-susceptible SA (CA-MSSA). HA-MRSA had higher proportion of resistance to clindamycin and doxycycline than CA-MRSA. The results of this study indicate that MRSA is replacing MSSA in CA-SA infections. If these findings are confirmed by other studies, the spread of CA-MRSA can be a major public health problem in India.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Prevalence and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a Rural Area of India: Is MRSA Replacing Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus in the Community?

Alvarez-Uria¹,

Reddy²

2012

ISRN Dermatology

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“…In male, the prevalence of MRSA was highest with 27 (40.2%) in age group 20-29 years followed by [23]. Around 73.1% of CA-MRSA isolates were resistant to erythromycin in our study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 41%

“…Isolates MRSA were most sensitive to ciprofloxacin drug which was statistically significant with p<0.05. In study conducted by Mandelia et al (2012) the susceptibility to ciprofloxacin was only 18.3% [23]. Chloramphenicol, co-trimoxazole and ciprofloxacin were much sensitive drugs in our study with statistical significance (p<0.05).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 39%

Antibiogram of Biofilm Producing and Non-Producing Community Acquired-Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Potential Risk Population of Dharan, Nepal

Shakya

Shrestha

Subba

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background Staphylococcus aureus is one of the common cause of hospital acquired infection and community acquired infections. Nowadays these organisms became resistant towards variety of drugs. MRSA is the emerging antibiotic resistant bacteria that are resistant to methicillin antibiotic and known to be the infectious pathogen causing severe infection and a cause of fatal mortality.Materials and methodology Altogether 200 nasal swabs and 200 hand swabs were obtained from participants and transported to microbiology lab in cold chain. The samples were swabbed in mannitol salt agar (MSA) containing oxacillin powder of 6mg/L and incubated at 37°C for 24 hrs. Staphylococcus aureus colonies were identified based on growth characteristics on MSA plates (golden yellow colonies), Gram stain and positive results for coagulase tube test and catalase test. The pure isolated MRSA were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility tests and biofilm formation assays.Results From our study the overall prevalence of CA-MRSA was 61.5%. Higher frequency of multi-drug resistant MRSA was isolated. The biofilm producing CA-MRSA were 51.2% which showed high drug resistance and rest (48.7%) were non-biofilm producers. There was significant association in biofilm production with multi-drug resistance (p<0.05). Ciprofloxacin was most sensitive drug against the isolates which was statistically significant (p<0.05). The resistant pattern of biofilm producers reported high ability of multi-drug resistance compared to non-biofilm producers (p<0.05). Microtitre plate method was found to be gold standard over tube and congo red agar method for screening biofilm formation. Surprisingly the emergence of VISA and VRSA strains were significantly reported from our study. The prevalence of VISA and VRSA among CA-MRSA was found to be 49.5% and 40.6% respectively among the isolates which indicates the failure of Vancomycin drug in clinical therapy.Conclusions The prevalence of CA-MRSA was found more in barbers followed by beauticians and municipal waste workers in comparison to healthy controls. This study reported the higher carriage of CA-MRSA in potential risk population along with emergence of VISA and VRSA strains. Improvement in personal hygiene and formulation of appropriate health policy helps to prevent CA-MRSA infection. This study concludes that CA-MRSA is still emerging with multi-drug resistance.

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“…After, patients were included according to the following criteria: (i) patients over 18 years of age, (ii) who underwent surgery, and (iii) who received a prophylactic dose of antibiotic with cefazolin or clindamycin. Patients were excluded if (i) the antibiotic was given without indication, (ii) reoperations, or (iii) dirty surgeries according to CDC [14], or (iv) patients who died within the rst 24 hours once their outcome would not be related to SSI. Patients whose medical records did not allow detecting a follow-up of at least 90 days were also excluded.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clindamycin is superior to cefazolin prophylactic regimen in a general trauma reference hospital - a comparative retrospective study

Silva,

Santos

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background: Surgical site infections (SSI) are among the most common adverse events in the hospital setting. clindamycin is an option to the use of cefazolin, already recommended in the literature although few studies evaluate its effectiveness. due to the increase in cost, since October 2019, cefazolin has been replaced by clindamycin in our hospital. This study aimed to analyze the impact of using clindamycin compared to cefazolin in the prophylaxis of SSI. Methods: The authors executed a cross-sectional study of patients submitted to surgical procedures with antimicrobial prophylaxis between October 2018 and October 2021. The primary outcome was surgical site infection. Data from medical records included gender, age, type of surgery, surgical specialty, surgery wound, bacteria isolated, surgical complications, hospital readmission, and death. A comparison between means was made by the t-student test. For dichotomous variables, the chi-square was performed. Results: 12,238 surgical procedures were included, 6,776 with clindamycin and 5,462 with cefazolin. There was no difference in surgical wound classification in both groups. The SSI rate in the group cefazolin was 1.9% (n=104) and 1.2% (n=85) in the group clindamycin [OR 1.65, CI95% 1.19 – 2.15, (p<0.001)]. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common pathogen. Gram-positive cocci were 60% in the group cefazolin and 57% in the group clindamycin. distribution of MRSA was similar between both groups. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated a lower SSI rate with clindamycin. Despite the retrospective design, we may conclude that clindamycin is a feasible option for cefazolin.

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Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of community associated-methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Cited by 3 publications

References 5 publications

Prevalence and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a Rural Area of India: Is MRSA Replacing Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus in the Community?

Prevalence and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a Rural Area of India: Is MRSA Replacing Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus in the Community?

Antibiogram of Biofilm Producing and Non-Producing Community Acquired-Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Potential Risk Population of Dharan, Nepal

Clindamycin is superior to cefazolin prophylactic regimen in a general trauma reference hospital - a comparative retrospective study

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