Antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from patients and healthy students comparing with antibiotic-resistant bacteria isolated from pasteurized milk

Abstract

Antibiotic-resistant Staphylococci are a global issue affecting humans, animals, and numerous natural environments. Antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis is an opportunistic pathogen frequently isolated from patients and healthy individuals. This study aimed to examine the antibiotic resistance of S. epidermidis isolated from patients, healthy students and compare the results with antibiotic-resistant bacteria isolated from pasteurized milk. Clinical strain isolation was performed in several hospitals in the Riyadh. Skin swabs from 100 healthy undergraduate candidate students were obtained at King Saud University. The pasteurized milk samples were obtained from local market (company, X). After isolation, identification and susceptibility tests were performed using an automated system. A multiplex tuf gene-based PCR assay was used to confirm identification. Biofilm production and biofilm-related gene expression were studied. S. epidermidis represented 17% of clinical bacterial isolates, and 1.7% of isolates obtained from healthy students were multiantibiotic-resistant. All patient strains were teicoplanin- and vancomycin-susceptible, while all student strains were gentamicin-, levofloxacin-, moxifloxacin-, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole-susceptible. All the bacteria isolated from pasteurized milk were benzylpenicillin and oxacillin-resistant strains. Of the S. epidermidis strains, 91% could produce biofilms, and mecA, icaADBR, ica-ADB, ica-AD, ica-A only, and ica-C only were expressed in 83, 17.1, 25.7, 37.1, 20, and 0% of the strains, respectively. This work demonstrates that S. epidermidis can be accurately identified using a multiplex tuf-based assay, and that multiantibiotic-resistant S. epidermidis strains are widespread amongst patients and healthy students.

Comparison of well diffusion, disc diffusion and broth dilution methods for antimicrobial activity of Andrographis paniculata herbal gel against acne-associated pathogen

“…Staphylococcus aureus recorded the increasing trend of resistance to tetracycline, erythromycin and clindamycin which is consistent to other researchers' reports (Ashkenazi et al, 2003). A study conducted by Eladli et al (2019) also revealed the antibiotic resistance of fosfomycin and erythromycin onto S. epidermidis. As the subject of the study included patient and healthy people, the study concluded that multi-resistant S. epidermidis strains are widespread among them.…”

Prenylated phenolics as promising candidates for combination antibacterial therapy: Morusin and kuwanon G

“…In case of MRSA infections, antibiotic monotherapy (vancomycin, teicoplanin, telavancin, daptomycin, ceftaroline, linezolid) and antibiotic combination therapy (vancomycin and beta-lactams, ceftaroline and daptomycin) have limitations with respect to tolerance, side effects, costs, development of resistance and cross-resistance ( Choo and Chambers, 2016 ). Same limitations arise in the treatment of the infections caused by resistant S. epidermidis , common in broken-skinned, immunocompromised and implanted patients ( Eladli et al, 2019 , Otto, 2009 ). Therefore, combinations of antibiotics with natural products, exhibiting synergistic interactions, represent a promising strategy to achieve increased efficacy and reduced side effects ( Zhou et al, 2011 ).…”

Virulence factors and antibiotic resistance properties of the Staphylococcus epidermidis strains isolated from hospital infections in Ahvaz, Iran

“…Moreover, the prevalence of resistance against tetracycline (51%), erythromycin (41.20%), oxacillin (97.70%), cephazolin (58.30), and norfloxacin (51.90%) was entirely high [18]. Eladli et al [19] reported that the prevalence of antibiotic resistance of the S. epidermidis strains against amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, erythromycin, gentamicin, levofloxacin, mupirocin, oxacillin, rifampin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole antibiotics was 100%, 100%, 37%, 0%, 33%, 16%, 0%, 80%, 0%, 80%, and 0%, respectively. Ma et al [20] reported that the prevalence of antibiotic resistance of the coagulase-negative staphylococci strains against penicillin, oxacillin, erythromycin, tetracycline, clindamycin, ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, ceftizoxime, gentamicin, rifampin, teicoplanin, and vancomycin antibiotics were 94.20%, 79.10%, 89.50%, 59.50%, 53.70%, 52.80%, 58.50%, 39.10%, 26.70%, 29.50%, 18.40%, 2.30, and 0%, respectively.…”