Antibiotic-Resistant Pathogenic Escherichia Coli Isolated from Rooftop Rainwater-Harvesting Tanks in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

Malema, Mokaba Shirley; Abia, Akebe Luther King; Tandlich, Roman; Zuma, Bonga; Kahinda, Jean‐Marc Mwenge; Ubomba-Jaswa, Eunice

doi:10.3390/ijerph15050892

Cited by 25 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…aeruginosa isolates (n=2) had 8-drug resistance of two different patterns "Am-Ce-Cm-Ct-Cx-Nx-Pc-PT" and "Am-Ce-Cp-Ct-Cx-Nx-Pc-PT", and the E. coli isolates (n=3) showed 3 different patterns of resistance to antibiotics: 8-drug resistance "Am-Ce-Cm-Cp-Cx-Mp-Nx-Pc", 9-drug resistance "Am-Ce-Cp-Ct-Cx-Mp-Nx-Pc-PT" and 10-drug resistance "Am-Ce-Cp-Ct-Cx-Mp-Nx-Pc-PT-Tc" (Table 2). As per the report of Malema et al (2018), among the 100 pathogenic E. coli test isolates, 52% had multiple antibiotic resistance, of which 10 showed to 9 antibiotics, and 24 different MAR phenotypes have been identifi ed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Heavy metal tolerance in association with plasmid mediated multiple antibiotic resistances among clinical bacterial isolates

Das¹,

Mandal²,

Mandal³

2018

Biosci. Biotech. Res. Comm

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The heavy metal tolerance in association with plasmid mediated antibiotic resistance among bacteria has been reported around the globe. This communication conducted an experiment to explore the coexistence of antibiotic resistance and heavy metal tolerance in clinical bacteria and the involvement of R-plasmid in such phenomenon. By disc diffusion method, 6 clinical bacteria: Escherichia coli (n=3), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=2) and Proteus mirabilis (n=1), utilized in the study, displayed resistance to multiple antibiotics with MAR (multiple antibiotic resistance) indices 0.15-0.77; such bacterial isolates showed tolerance to Hg 2+ , Cd 2+ , Cr 6+ and Cu 2+ at 3-37.5 μg/ml, 75-800 μg/ml, 100-400 μg/ ml and 600-900 μg/ml, respectively. The SDS treatment induced the test bacteria to mislay their resistance property (following susceptibility test) with a parallel loss of single plasmid (following agarose gel electrophoretic analysis) contained in them. This study confi rms the antibiotic co-resistance with heavy metal tolerance among human pathogenic bacteria, and underlines the regular vigilance of bacterial R-plasmid in order to combat the multiple antibiotic resistances of such bacteria as well as the infection caused by them.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Heavy metal tolerance in association with plasmid mediated multiple antibiotic resistances among clinical bacterial isolates

Das¹,

Mandal²,

Mandal³

2018

Biosci. Biotech. Res. Comm

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“…A high frequency of DEC in water samples could have indicated pollution. Several studies have reported a high prevalence of DEC in different aquatic bodies in South Africa 6,53 . Detection of DEC in water, particularly domestic waters, should be regarded…”

Section: Discussion Identification and Distribution Of Dec Pathotypesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic Resistance Profile and Clonality of E. coli Isolated from Water and Paediatric Stool Samples in the North-West, Province South Africa

Chukwu¹,

Abia²,

Ubomba-Jaswa³

et al. 2019

J Pure Appl Microbiol

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This study investigated the antibacterial resistance profiles of E. coli pathotypes isolated from children under five years and drinking water samples collected from the North West Province of South Africa and ascertained the clonality of the isolates. Two hundred and forty-one E. coli isolates were recovered from stool samples of diarrhoeic and non-diarrhoeic children under five years old, and drinking water, using the Colilert-18 ® Quanti-tray/2000 and Eosin methylene blue agar. The presence of enteropathogenic (eaeA), enterohaemorrhagic (eaeA,stx1, stx2 and flicH7), enteroaggregative (eagg), enteroinvasive (ipaH) and enterotoxigenic (ST and LT) E. coli pathotypes were also investigated using PCR. Antibiotic susceptibility was carried out through the disk diffusion method. The presence of blaCTX-M, blaSHV, blaCMY, and blaDHA genes that code for β-lactamases was investigated using real-time PCR. Similarities between human and water isolates were tested using ERIC-PCR. Overall, EHEC (35.8%), EPEC/EHEC (22%), ETEC (21.6%) and EIEC (20.2%) were detected. The highest antibiotic resistance was detected to Clarithromycin (100%) and Erythromycin (100%) while the lowest resistance was against Gentamicin (0.4%). Also, 100% sensitivity was recorded to imipenem and meropenem. Multi-antibiotic resistance was observed in all the pathotypes, and the ESBL genes were detected in 71.6% of the pathotypes. ERIC-PCR indicated 100% similarities in some water and human samples. Pathogenic E. coli is amongst the diarrhoea-causing agents in the North West Province with EHEC being the most identified pathotype. The clonal relatedness of the human and water isolates suggests that domestic water might be a route of transmission.

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“…Almost 52% of the isolates showed resistance to multiple antibiotics. 31 Existing studies have highlighted hotspots for environmental contamination; food-animal production systems that are likely to harbour resistant organisms or promote transmission of Antibiotic Resistance. It can also increase the human rates of colonization with resistant commensal bacteria such as E. coli.…”

Section: Antibiotic Residues and Resistance In The Environment In Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Building knowledge and evidence base on antimicrobial resistance in Africa, through ‘One Health’ based surveillance

Mathew

Jaguga²,

Mpundu³

et al. 2020

Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health

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Antimicrobial Resistance is threatening to upset much of the progress that developing countries have made in the healthcare domain over the last few decades. Though there are issues with the projected morbidity and mortality figures, there is a general agreement that the data collection processes need to be strengthened, especially in the context of developing countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America. The high burden of disease associated with communicable diseases in Africa, increases the overall antibiotic use and weakens the healthcare system of the continent. Even though the scale of antibiotic use may be lower than in some other regional contexts, the high burden of infectious disease makes antimicrobial resistance a priority in the continental context. In human health sector, antibiotic resistance is becoming a problem in community acquired infections as well as healthcare associated infections. This situation is fuelled by the rampant misuse of antibiotics across the African countries; and the surveillance efforts have been quite weak in this regard. Antibiotic use is increasing in food animal production too, as the continent is moving towards various intensification methods to improve productivity. Therefore the surveillance of antimicrobial resistance patterns in animal health and food animal production, has a lot of significance in understanding the potential threats to human health and food security. But for any surveillance system to be effective, especially in the context of AMR, it needs to be truly 'One Health' in its approach. The division between animal health and human health is not scientific, but cultural in its character. This has to be broken down to create a proper 'One Health' surveillance system with data integration possible at different levels.

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Antibiotic-Resistant Pathogenic Escherichia Coli Isolated from Rooftop Rainwater-Harvesting Tanks in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

Cited by 25 publications

References 40 publications

Heavy metal tolerance in association with plasmid mediated multiple antibiotic resistances among clinical bacterial isolates

Heavy metal tolerance in association with plasmid mediated multiple antibiotic resistances among clinical bacterial isolates

Antibiotic Resistance Profile and Clonality of E. coli Isolated from Water and Paediatric Stool Samples in the North-West, Province South Africa

Building knowledge and evidence base on antimicrobial resistance in Africa, through ‘One Health’ based surveillance

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