Antibiotic-Resistant ESKAPE Pathogens and COVID-19: The Pandemic beyond the Pandemic

Catalano, Alessia; Iacopetta, Domenico; Ceramella, Jessica; Pellegrino, Michele; Giuzio, Federica; Marra, Maria; Rosano, Camillo; Saturnino, Carmela; Sinicropi, Maria Stefania; Aquaro, Stefano

doi:10.3390/v15091843

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 183 publications

(195 reference statements)

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“…strains during both studied periods. The rapid emergence of diverse resistant Gram-negative bacteria, including PDR, XDR (extensively drug-resistant), MDR, and carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, due to the inappropriate consumption and prescription of antibiotics, has also been highlighted by other researchers [ 32 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre- and Post-COVID-19 Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Pathogens in an Intensive Care Unit

Golli,

Zlatian,

Cara

et al. 2024

Pharmaceuticals

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We aimed to determine the trend of the antimicrobial resistance pattern of pathogens isolated in samples collected from patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU) in selected periods before and after COVID-19. A retrospective study of bacterial pathogens was performed on 1267 patients. Positive bacterial culture data from 1695 samples from the pre-COVID-19 period and 1562 samples from the post-COVID-19 period were obtained. The most frequently isolated bacteria in both periods were Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella spp. The resistance rates of Klebsiella spp. Significantly increased against colistin (0.38% to 20.51%), gentamicin (44.62% to 64.85%), and aztreonam (56.35% to 3.60%). There was a significant increase in the resistance rate against colistin for E. coli strains (4.69% to 32.46%) and for Acinetobacter sp. strains (3.37% to 18.09%). More than 50% of the Staphylococcus aureus strains were MRSA, with statistically significant increases in the antimicrobial resistance rate against doxycycline (40.08% to 51.72%), linezolid (0.22% to 3.13%), rifampicin (53.16% to 64.93%), and teicoplanin (26.31% to 53.40%). The study revealed a significantly increasing trend in the antimicrobial resistance rate of Gram-negative pathogens against certain antibiotics, including those used only in cases where there are no other therapeutic options.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre- and Post-COVID-19 Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Pathogens in an Intensive Care Unit

Golli,

Zlatian,

Cara

et al. 2024

Pharmaceuticals

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“…ESKAPE pathogens are involved in the increases in morbidity and mortality related to antibacterial resistance. During COVID-19, co-infections—especially with Gram-negative ESKAPE bacterial and fungal were more frequent in patients with severe COVID-19 symptoms than in patients with milder symptoms [ 46 ]. A. baumannii , K. pneumoniae and Enterobacter spp., are the most prevalent strains in nosocomial pneumonia, complicating the management of COVID-19 patients who need to be ventilated in the intensive care unit (ICU), and all these pathogens were increased in number during 2021, including increases in carbapenem-resistant and ESBL pathogens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic on Antibiotic Prescriptions and Resistance in a University Hospital from Romania

Zaha,

Ilea,

Dorobanțu

et al. 2024

Antibiotics

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This paper aimed to evaluate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on prescription rates and antibiotic resistance in a university hospital. A retrospective study was conducted on the medical records of patients admitted to the Bihor Emergency Clinical County Hospital in Romania in 2019 (pre-pandemic) and 2021 (during the pandemic period). We evaluated the antibiotic consumption index (ACI) and susceptibility rates. The overall percentage of antibiotic prescribing increased in 2021, while the total number of patients decreased. Genito-urinary, digestive, respiratory infections, heart diseases and wounds were the most common conditions for antibiotic prescriptions, but the number of them decreased in 2021. There was a decrease in the proportion of antibiotics from the Watch and Reserve class and an increase in the proportion of antibiotics from the Access class. Antibiotic use has been reduced despite an increase in the number of patients, with a high consumption in the Watch group in the ICU wards. By contrast, surgical wards had the highest rate of antibiotic prescriptions, but a decrease in the number of patients. The patients who were administered antibiotics were hospitalized for diagnoses other than COVID-19. Almost all prescribed antibiotics displayed decreasing sensitivity rates. The number of isolated ESKAPE pathogens, except for Staphylococcus aureus methicillin-resistant strains, were increased. Strategies to control antibiotic prescriptions and the spread of resistant pathogens should be improved.

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“…In ICUs in particular, the risk of MDR infections increased consistently owing to the high number of invasive procedures, such as mechanical ventilation, and the use of central venous catheters [ 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ] and because of the intensive use as well as the overuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics. The warning received from the ECDC in 2021 [ 11 ] on the possible emergence of hvKp strains carrying determinants of multi-drug resistance caused further concern about the potential spread of isolates in which the convergence of virulence and antimicrobial resistance may pose an even greater threat to healthcare systems [ 29 , 30 , 31 ]. This prompted us to strengthen our surveillance activities and include a search for determinants of virulence in addition to those for drug resistance [ 32 , 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae Strains with Multi-Drug Resistance and Virulence Profiles Isolated from an Italian Hospital between 2020 and 2023

Dimartino,

Venditti,

Messina

et al. 2024

Antibiotics

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Klebsiella pneumoniae strains that are resistant to multiple drugs (KPMDRs), which are often acquired in hospital settings and lead to healthcare-associated infections, pose a serious public health threat, as does hypervirulent K. pneumoniae (hvKp), which can also cause serious infections in otherwise healthy individuals. The widespread and often unnecessary use of antibiotics seen during the recent COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the challenges posed by antibiotic resistance in clinical settings. There is growing concern that hypervirulent (hvKp) strains may acquire genes that confer antimicrobial resistance, thus combining an MDR profile with their increased ability to spread to multiple body sites, causing difficult-to-treat infections. This study aimed to compare resistance and virulence profiles in KPC-3-producing K. pneumoniae isolates collected over four years (2020–2023). A genome-based surveillance of all MDR CRE-K. pneumoniae was used to identify genetic differences and to characterize the virulence and resistance profiles. Our results provide a picture of the evolution of resistance and virulence genes and contribute to avoiding the possible spread of isolates with characteristics of multi-drug resistance and increased virulence, which are thought to be one of the main global challenges to public health, within our hospital.

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Antibiotic-Resistant ESKAPE Pathogens and COVID-19: The Pandemic beyond the Pandemic

Cited by 12 publications

References 183 publications

Pre- and Post-COVID-19 Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Pathogens in an Intensive Care Unit

Pre- and Post-COVID-19 Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Pathogens in an Intensive Care Unit

The Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic on Antibiotic Prescriptions and Resistance in a University Hospital from Romania

Screening of Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae Strains with Multi-Drug Resistance and Virulence Profiles Isolated from an Italian Hospital between 2020 and 2023

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