Antibiotic resistant bacteria in terrestrial and aquatic environments: A review

Al-Bahry, Saif N.; Mahmoud, I.Y.; Paulson, James R.; Al-Musharafi, S. K.

doi:10.3823/754

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 62 publications

(72 reference statements)

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“…They reported that most isolates were multi-drug resistant against amoxicillin, cloxacillin, cefotaxime, and penicillin. Al-Bahry et al (2014) determined that wastewater from hospitals, pharmaceutical factories, and agricultural runoff contaminates surface and groundwater by introducing various antibiotic-resistant bacteria (MARB) and antimicrobial medicines.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation, identification, and characterization of resistant bacteria to antibiotics from pharmaceutical effluent and study of their antibiotic resistance

Mahmud,

Hosen,

Hossion

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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Pharmaceutical effluents primarily enter aquatic environments through the discharge of treated and untreated wastewater from various sources, including hospitals, pharmaceutical manufacturing facilities, and households. Microbes sourced from pharmaceutical effluents such as Pseudomonas spp. pose a significant public health concern because of their high levels of resistance to multiple drugs and extreme multidrug resistance. Therefore, the present study was conducted for the isolation, identification, and molecular characterization of selected isolates from pharmaceutical effluents and also determined their antibiotic sensitivity patterns. From June 2016 to March 2017, a study was conducted on four well-known pharmaceutical companies specializing in antibiotic production in Dhaka and Gazipur. Four wastewater samples were collected from various origins and then brought to the Bacteriology laboratory for microbiological examination. Twelve pure isolates were obtained and characterized through cultural and biochemical tests while molecular identification of Pseudomonas spp. was performed using the 16S rRNA gene sequence. Twelve commercially available antibiotics were used for antibiotic sensitivity tests using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion methods. We isolated the most predominant isolates, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (41.67%), followed by Bacillus spp. (33.33%) and Staphylococcus spp. (25%) respectively. Among 12 antibiotics, ciprofloxacin is 100% sensitive against P. aeruginosa, while the remaining 11 antibiotics are 100% resistant. Bacillus spp. showed 100% resistance to all antibiotics while 50% sensitive to vancomycin and 100% to chloramphenicol, respectively. Staphylococcus spp. was 100% resistant to all antibiotics. Our research suggested that P. aeruginosa is the reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes and spreads disease to humans from the environment. The findings of this study, i.e., the isolation, identification, and characterization of antibiotic-resistant bacteria from pharmaceutical effluent have highlighted, comprehended, and mitigated the dissemination of antibiotic resistance and opportunistic bacteria.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation, identification, and characterization of resistant bacteria to antibiotics from pharmaceutical effluent and study of their antibiotic resistance

Mahmud,

Hosen,

Hossion

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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“…Antimicrobial agents, even at sub-inhibitory levels in aquatic environments, can stimulate the expression of resistance genes, thereby promoting antimicrobial resistance (Cornejova et al, 2015;WHO, 2014). Frequent exposure to antibiotics is the primary driver behind the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in wastewater systems (Al-Bahry et al, 2014). Several classes of antibiotics have been frequently detected in sewage, activated sludge, digested sludge, and e uents, posing a risk of antibiotic resistance (Watkinson & Costanzo, 2017;Zhang & Li, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection and Assessment of Antimicrobial Resistance Promotion Risk in the Little Akaki River Wastewater

Gessew,

Desta

2024

Preprint

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Background The misuse of antimicrobial agents in healthcare and animal husbandry has resulted in their release into the environment through wastewater. This, in turn, has led to the emergence and spread of resistant bacteria. Antimicrobials in wastewater not only promote resistance in microbial communities but also interfere with the biodegradation of organic matter. Objective The study aimed to detect and evaluate the risk of antimicrobial resistance promotion in the Little Akaki River wastewater by analyzing selected antimicrobial concentration levels. Methods In a longitudinal study at Little Akaki River, wastewater samples collected in March-December 2019, June 2020, and August 2022 were analyzed using solid phase extraction with Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB) cartridge to extract antimicrobials. A 10µL extracted sample was injected into Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UHPLC) system with binary gradient elution, equipped with a Mass spectrometer operating in ESI + mode. Results Ciprofloxacin concentrations ranged from 5.62–9.34µg/L. In the dry season, Cefotaxime concentrations ranged from 1.89–54.86 µg/L, while in the wet season, they ranged from 32.76–64.79 µg/L. Sulfamethoxazole concentrations varied from 29.11-186.25 µg/L in the dry season and from 123.29-248.77 µg/L in the wet season. Conclusion Our study identified a potential for widespread antimicrobials resistance emergence in the Little Akaki River. Measured environmental levels of ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime, and sulfamethoxazole exceeded predicted no-effect concentrations (PNEC) for resistance promotion Risk Quotient (RQ) > 2 in both dry and wet seasons. However, erythromycin levels remained safe, below respective PNEC. These findings suggest a high risk of resistance development to these specific antimicrobials in the study site aquatic bacteria, with sulfamethoxazole posing the greatest threat due to its consistently high levels.

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“…As a natural phenomenon, antibiotic resistance is a condition where bacteria become less susceptible to the antibiotic to which it was once vulnerable. The development of antibiotic resistance is driven by complex evolutionary processes that influence the selection pressure by the application of antibiotics [3,4,5]. The emergence of new infectious diseases and the resurgence of many infections that have been treated necessitates the use of antibiotics, which has substantially contributed to the recent surge of resistant bacterial pathogens of public and clinical importance [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental contribution to antimicrobial resistance: A largely ignored global health issue

Mustapha

Allamin

Ismail

et al. 2021

PNgAS

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Environmental contribution to the continued occurrence of antibiotic resistance has been largely unexplored. There has been much focus on clinical isolates for their resistant nature but non-clinical bacterial isolates in the environment have been considered as the chief contributing factors that facilitate the spread and dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ABR) and antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs). The natural environment acts as a reservoir for bacteria, providing them with a favourable condition for their emergence and breeding of resistance. One such environmental leverage is inter/intra-specie exchange of genes encoding resistance factors. It was argued that human activities aid immensely in the emergence of antibiotic resistance in the environment. The rationale for this review is to examine extensively the complex interplay of antibiotic resistance from the natural environmental perspective and factors that influence the occurrence and dissemination of such resistance. It also seeks to stress the biological factors that facilitate the emergence of resistance and link it to general biological processes. The review has been structured to capture the general threat posed by the circulation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and their genes, as well as the influence of the environment in contributing to this global health threat. In addition, the review looked at the effective methods used to tackle the silent pandemic, by controlling the spread of resistance in the environment. Environmental stakeholders and policymakers are recommended to be included in tackling the development of antibiotic resistance.

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Antibiotic resistant bacteria in terrestrial and aquatic environments: A review

Cited by 5 publications

References 62 publications

Isolation, identification, and characterization of resistant bacteria to antibiotics from pharmaceutical effluent and study of their antibiotic resistance

Isolation, identification, and characterization of resistant bacteria to antibiotics from pharmaceutical effluent and study of their antibiotic resistance

Detection and Assessment of Antimicrobial Resistance Promotion Risk in the Little Akaki River Wastewater

Environmental contribution to antimicrobial resistance: A largely ignored global health issue

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