Antibiotic-resistance Staphylococcus aureus isolated from cow’s milk in the Hawassa area, South Ethiopia

Abstract

BackgroundQuarter milk samples from cows were examined to determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and different antibiotic resistant pattern were determined in a cross-sectional study design.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to isolate Staphylococcus aureus from samples of cow’s milk obtained from Hawassa area and to determine their antibiotic susceptibility patterns.MethodA total of 160 milk (CCP1-CCP5) samples were collected and screened for the presence of S. aureus. Gram staining, oxidase, catalase, DNase, haemolysis and coagulase tests were employed for bacterial identification.ResultsAll the samples were contaminated with S. aureus. A total of 78 S. aureus isolates were obtained during this study. The levels of contamination with S. aureus were higher in milk obtained from CCP1, CCP2, CCP3, CCP4 and CCP5 at Hawassa area farms (18.0%, 25.6%, 27.0%, 21.8% and 7.7%) respectively. A large percentage of the S. aureus isolates (25.6% and 27.0%) were from CCP2 and CCP3. All strains were resistant to Penicillin G (PG) (10 μg), Ampicillin (AP) (10 μg), Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid (AC) (30 μg), Ciprofloxacin (CIP) (5 μg), Erythromycin (E) (15 μg), Ceftriaxone (CRO) (30 μg), Trimethoprime-Sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) (25 μg) Oxacillin (Ox) (1 μg) and Vancomycin (V) (30 μg), 67.9%, 70.9%, 30.9%, 0%, 32.1%, 23.1%, 7.7%, 60.3% and 38.5% respectively.ConclusionThe proportion of isolates resistant to CIP, TMP-SMZ, CRO, AC, E and V were low compared to AP, PG and Ox. S. aureus is normally resident in humans; therefore, the S. aureus present in the cow’s milk may have resulted from transmission between the two species, emphasizing the need to improve sanitary conditions in the milking environment.

Isolation, Identification and Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Staphylococcus aureus and Occurrence of Methicillin Resistant S. aureus Isolated from Mastitic Lactating Cows in and around Assosa Town, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia

“…This finding is inconsistent with the earlier findings of in Holleta agricultural research centre (43.3%) by [25] in Hawassa area (48.75%) by [13] and in Holeta town (47.1%) by [26]. Similarly, this result was in line with the previous findings of [21,30,31] who have reported as 40.3%, 39.1% and 39.2% and S. aureus isolates at Assela, Addis Ababa and Southern Ethiopia, respectively.…”

“…Few studies have been carried out in some areas of Ethiopia to assess the status of Staphylococcal mastitis [10][11][12][13]. However, there was any study done to assess the status of S. aureus and/ or MRSA in and around Asossa districts, Benishangul Gumuz regional state, Western Ethiopia.…”

Study on the Prevalence and Distribution of Staphylococcus aureus in Raw Cow Milk Originated from Alage Atvet College Dairy Farm, Ethiopia

“…The total prevalence in this study is in line with 29.1% [11] and 27% [12] in Debrezeit, Ethiopia. In the other side, the study done by Daka et al [13], in Southern Ethiopia found very high prevalence than this study which is reported as 40.6%. The difference may come due to the study site Southern Ethiopia includes small holders with a probability of high contamination due to poor hygienic standards.…”

Antibiotic Resistance and Detection of femA Gene in Staphylococcus Aureus Isolates from Raw Milk

“…Although oxacillin resistance is rare in S. aureus strains, some of them could be resistant to methicillin or oxacillin and lack the gene coding for antibiotic resistance (12). The inconsistency in the frequency and extent of antimicrobial resistance reported by studies in Iran and rest of the world (15,(17)(18)(19)(20)(21) could be due to different of the techniques used, geographic area, and type of samples collected and common antibiotics prescribed during a particular period of time. High level of contamination in raw milk could have several reasons including cross-contamination caused by preparation by hand and failure to comply with code of hygienic practices for the milking process.…”

“…Daka et al found 78 S. aureus isolates in 160 raw milk samples collected in Ethiopia. All the isolates were resistant to penicillin G and the highest level of resistance was observed against amoxicillin (70.9%), penicillin (67.9%), oxacillin (60.3%) and vancomycin (38.5%) (18). Joshi et al studied 400 milk samples and found 119 (29.7%) S. aureus isolates with 97.47%, 94.95%, 91.59% and 89.9% susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, ceftriaxone and tetracycline, respectively (19).…”