Antibiotic resistance profiles of Campylobacter species in the South Africa private health care sector

Shobo, Christiana O.; Bester, Linda A.; Baijnath, Sooraj; Somboro, Anou M.; Peer, Abdool Kader Cassim; Essack, Sabiha Y.

doi:10.3855/jidc.8165

Cited by 27 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…The prevalence of Campylobacter reported in the present study is slightly higher compared to the 30.4% and 38.9% previously reported in South Africa [44,45]. This difference might be attributed to the two methods used for isolation.…”

Section: Occurrence Of Campylobactercontrasting

confidence: 77%

Mixed Aetiology of Diarrhoea in Infants Attending Clinics in the North-West Province of South Africa: Potential for Sub-Optimal Treatment

et al. 2020

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Routine diagnostic methods for the aetiologic agents of diarrhoea in most developing countries are usually not sensitive enough, leading to under-diagnosis. Thus, this study investigated possible mixed diarrhoeal aetiology by using cultures and real-time polymerase chain reactions (PCR) in children younger than four years old in the Northwest Province, South Africa. In total, 505 stool samples were collected from symptomatic and asymptomatic children who were attending three clinics and the Brits hospital in Madibeng District, between September 2016 and December 2017. Rotavirus, norovirus, Campylobacter, Arcobacter, and diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) were targeted. Campylobacter spp. (24.6%), Arcobacter (15.8%) and DEC (19.6%) were detected using PCR; only Campylobacter spp. (29.7%) and DEC (26.9%) were detected through the culture. Campylobacter jejuni (36%), Campylobacter coli (28%), Campylobacter upsalensis (12%), and Arcobacter butzleri (15.8%) were the only spp. of Campylobacter and Arcobacter identified. The eaeA gene (31.4%) of enteropathogenic E. coli/enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EPEC/EHEC) was the most prevalent DEC virulence gene (VG) identified. Rotavirus and norovirus were detected at 23.4% and 20%, respectively. Mixed viral aetiology (7.3%) and the co-infection of A. butzleri and Campylobacter (49%) were recorded. A mixed bacterial-viral aetiology was observed in 0.6% of the specimens. Sensitive diagnostic procedures like PCR should be considered to provide the best treatment to children experiencing diarrhoea.

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Section: Occurrence Of Campylobactercontrasting

confidence: 77%

Mixed Aetiology of Diarrhoea in Infants Attending Clinics in the North-West Province of South Africa: Potential for Sub-Optimal Treatment

et al. 2020

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“…One article each was studied for the presence of ARGs in Acinetobacter baumanii , 74 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia , 75 Ureaplasma parvum , 76 Clostridium difficile , 38 Bacteroides fragilis , 77 Campylobacter spp., 78 and Helicobacter pylori . 44 Four articles investigated several bacteria in their studies 60 , 79 , 80 of which one investigated bacteria as colony forming bacteria assemblages.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic review in South Africa reveals antibiotic resistance genes shared between clinical and environmental settings

Ekwanzala¹,

Dewar²,

Kamika³

et al. 2018

IDR

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A systematic review was conducted to determine the distribution and prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), antimicrobial-resistant genes (ARGs), and antimicrobial-resistant gene determinants (ARGDs) in clinical, environmental, and farm settings and to identify key knowledge gaps in a bid to contain their spread. Fifty-three articles were included. The prevalence of a wide range of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and their genes was reviewed. Based on the studies reviewed in this systematic review, mutation was found to be the main genetic element investigated. All settings shared 39 ARGs and ARGDs. Despite the fact that ARGs found in clinical settings are present in the environment, in reviewed articles only 12 were found to be shared between environmental and clinical settings; the inclusion of farm settings with these two settings increased this figure to 32. Data extracted from this review revealed farm settings to be one of the main contributors of antibiotic resistance in healthcare settings. ARB, ARGs, and ARGDs were found to be ubiquitous in all settings examined.

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“…First-line treatment options of human campylobacteriosis are macrolides (erythromycin), quinolones (ciprofloxacin) and tetracyclines. Veterinary analogues registered for use in poultry production are tylosin and kitasamycin (macrolides), enrofloxacin (quinolones) and doxycycline (tetracyclines) used in feed combinations or water supplements [30]. A study conducted in Western Cape, South Africa, 2010, reported a moderate percentage resistance (45.4%) to the tetracycline analogue, doxycycline, and high resistance to erythromycin (72.7%) for C. coli isolates.…”

Section: Antibiotic Resistance Profiles and Resistance Determinantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of Campylobacter spp. Isolated from Poultry in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

et al. 2020

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This study investigated the antibiotic resistance, virulence profiles, and clonality of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolated from an intensive poultry farming system in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Following ethical approval, samples were collected over six weeks using the farm-to-fork approach. Campylobacter spp. were identified using culture, confirmed and differentiated to species level by PCR, and subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing. Selected antibiotic resistance (and mutations) and virulence genes were screened by PCR and confirmed by DNA sequencing. Genetic relatedness amongst the isolates was ascertained using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. In all, 105 isolates were confirmed as belonging to both Campylobacter coli (60; 57%) and C. jejuni (45; 43%). The highest resistance was recorded against erythromycin and clindamycin. The gyrA mutation, A20175C/A2074G point mutation, tet(O), and cmeB, all associated with antibiotic resistance, were detected. All the virulence genes (pldA, ciaB, cdtA, cdtB, cdtC, dnaJ, except for cadF) were also detected. Isolates were grouped into five pulsotypes displaying 85% similarity, irrespective of their resistance profiles. The numerous permutations of clonality, antibiotic resistance, and virulence profiles evident in Campylobacter spp. pose a challenge to food safety and necessitate a comprehensive understanding of the molecular epidemiology of this organism to decrease its spread in the food chain.

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Antibiotic resistance profiles of Campylobacter species in the South Africa private health care sector

Cited by 27 publications

References 33 publications

Mixed Aetiology of Diarrhoea in Infants Attending Clinics in the North-West Province of South Africa: Potential for Sub-Optimal Treatment

Mixed Aetiology of Diarrhoea in Infants Attending Clinics in the North-West Province of South Africa: Potential for Sub-Optimal Treatment

Systematic review in South Africa reveals antibiotic resistance genes shared between clinical and environmental settings

Characterisation of Campylobacter spp. Isolated from Poultry in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

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