Antibiotic resistance profile of Enterococcus faecium andEnterococcus faecalis isolated from broiler cloacal samples

Ünal, Nilgün; Aşkar, Şinasi; Yıldırım, Murat

doi:10.3906/vet-1607-26

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…98% of the VRE isolates screened in this investigation were resistant to vancomycin and linezolid which were the drugs of choice for the treatment of enterococcal infections until the emergence of VREs worldwide. This finding is consistent with other reports worldwide [2, 4, 26, 30, 31, 33, 36–39] although the proportions recovered varied from one study to another because of the samples source and the samples size. Moreover, the majority of the isolates in this study were also resistant to penicillin and erythromycin (94% and 82%, resp.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Moreover, the unavailability or scarcity of data from wholesale suppliers and the Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries of South Africa makes it difficult to establish a link between antimicrobial usage in the feedlots and the observations made in this study. VREs were also detected in faecal samples of animal origin in other areas of South Africa [31, 36] and in other parts of the world [8–11, 30, 33, 37–39] and these studies were consistent with our findings.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Detection of Virulence Genes in Multidrug Resistant Enterococci Isolated from Feedlots Dairy and Beef Cattle: Implications for Human Health and Food Safety

Foka

Ateba

2019

BioMed Research International

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The misuse/abuse of antibiotics in intensive animal rearing and communities led to the emergence of resistant isolates such as vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VREs) worldwide. This has become a major source of concern for the public health sector. The aim of this study was to report the antibiotic resistance profiles and to highlight the presence of virulence genes in VREs isolated from feedlots cattle of the North-West Province of South Africa. 384 faecal samples, 24 drinking troughs water, and 24 soil samples were collected aseptically from 6 registered feedlots. Biochemical and molecular methods were used to identify and categorise the enterococci isolates. Their antibiotic resistance profiles were assessed and genotypic methods were used to determine their antibiotic resistance and their virulence profiles. 527 presumptive isolates were recovered, out of which 289 isolates were confirmed as Enterococcus sp. Specifically, E. faecalis (9%), E. faecium (10%), E. durans (69%), E. gallinarum (6%), E. casseliflavus (2%), E. mundtii (2%), and E. avium (2%) were screened after molecular assays. VanA (62%), vanB (17%), and vanC (21%) resistance genes were detected in 176 Enterococcus sp., respectively. Moreover, tetK (26), tetL (57), msrA/B (111), and mefA (9) efflux pump genes were detected in 138 VRE isolates. Multiple antibiotic resistances were confirmed in all the VRE isolates of this study; the most common antibiotic resistance phenotype was TETR-AMPR-AMXR-VANR-PENR-LINR-ERYR. CylA, hyl, esp, gelE, and asa1 virulence genes were detected in 86 VREs with the exception of vancomycin-resistant E. mundtii isolates that did not display any virulence factor. Most VRE isolates had more than one virulence genes but the most encountered virulence profile was gelE-hyl. Potentially pathogenic multidrug resistant VREs were detected in this study; this highlights the impact of extensive usage of antimicrobials in intensive animal rearing and its implications on public health cannot be undermined.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Detection of Virulence Genes in Multidrug Resistant Enterococci Isolated from Feedlots Dairy and Beef Cattle: Implications for Human Health and Food Safety

Foka

Ateba

2019

BioMed Research International

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“…However, a study conducted in Nigeria by Ngbede et al ( 2017 ) showed that E. faecium was the predominant (49%) species in chicken faeces. A similar result was also observed by Ali et al ( 2014 ) and Ünal, As˛kar and Yildirim ( 2017 ), with a prevalence of 66.0% and 33.6%, respectively. In these studies, E. faecalis was the second most prevalent species in chicken samples.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Prevalence of virulence genes in Enterococcus species isolated from companion animals and livestock

Pillay

Zishiri

Adeleke

2018

Onderstepoort j. vet. res.

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Enterococcus species have developed from being commensal bacteria to leading pathogens that cause infections in humans and animals. The gastrointestinal tract of mammals is the normal habitat of these species. Virulence factors are proteins that are produced by the bacterium which are used to enhance their pathogenicity. The objectives of this study were to isolate Enterococcus spp. from livestock and companion animals, differentiate between the different sub-species and detect the presence of important virulence genes. Rectal and saliva swabs were collected from dogs and cats, whereas only rectal swabs were collected from cattle and cloacal swabs from chickens. Presumptive Enterococcus was selected using Bile Esculin Azide (BEA) agar, and Enterococcus species were confirmed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by amplifying the tuf gene. In order to differentiate between E. faecalis and E. faecium, a multiplex PCR was used to detect the SodA gene. The genes responsible for gelatinase production (gelE) and for conjugation (ccf) were also detected using PCR. Out of 211 animal swabs, 182 (86%) were positive for the tuf gene. Overall, there were 55 isolates of E. faecalis (30%) compared to 22 isolates of E. faecium (12%). The virulence genes had a prevalence of 52% and 36% for gelE and ccf, respectively, in all animal hosts. The results demonstrated that chicken cloacal samples had the highest prevalence for E. faecalis, gelE and ccf genes compared to all the other isolates detected from other animal hosts. The results also demonstrated a statistically significant (p < 0.05) association between the prevalence of virulence genes (gelE and ccf) and animal species from which Enterococcus spp. was isolated. We provided evidence that healthy livestock and companion animals can harbour pathogenic Enterococcus that can be transferred via the food chain as well as through close association such as petting and licking of humans. This study partially demonstrated that Enterococci spp. are capable of evolving from being simple commensal bacteria to becoming pathogens that cause infection in humans and animals through the acquisition of virulence factors through mobile genetic elements.

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“…Our results were similar with the results of previous studies. In another study performed in our country, more than 80% of the enterococci were reported to be resistant to tetracycline and erythromycin; but Vancomycin resistance was not defined in any of the 235 Enterococcus isolates obtained in an animal study [13]. In a literature review, E. faecalis was reported to have a high resistance rate against erythromycin (67% resistance), gentamicin (65%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (54%), ciprofloxacin (51%) and oxacillin (49%), whereas nitrofurantoin (4% resistance) and teicoplanin (9%) were the most active agents against this species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Enterococcus isolates in a five year period at a tertiary care hospital

Kutlu¹,

Arabacı²

2019

Journal of Surgery and Medicine

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Antibiotic resistance profile of Enterococcus faecium andEnterococcus faecalis isolated from broiler cloacal samples

Cited by 13 publications

References 16 publications

Detection of Virulence Genes in Multidrug Resistant Enterococci Isolated from Feedlots Dairy and Beef Cattle: Implications for Human Health and Food Safety

Detection of Virulence Genes in Multidrug Resistant Enterococci Isolated from Feedlots Dairy and Beef Cattle: Implications for Human Health and Food Safety

Prevalence of virulence genes in Enterococcus species isolated from companion animals and livestock

Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Enterococcus isolates in a five year period at a tertiary care hospital

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