Antibiotic Resistance, Plasmids and Integron Profile of Salmonella Species Isolated from Poultry Farm and Patients

Abstract

A total of ten selected strains of Salmonella species, five from the environment of poultry farm and five from patients were included in this study. All strains were isolated and identified by using selective media, standard biochemical and serological tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed by disc diffusion method using twelve commercial antibiotic discs of aztreonam, ceftriaxone, kanamycin, ciprofloxacin, gentamycin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, erythromycin, cephalexin, tetracycline, cotrimoxazole and nalidixic acid. Plasmid profile and integron gene detection were conducted by Kado-Liu method and PCR, respectively. Only aztreonam, ceftriaxone, kanamycin and gentamycin were shown to be inhibitory to all strains. However, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, amoxicilin, erythromycin, cephalexin, tetracycline, cotrimoxazole and nalidixic acid revealed different degrees of resistance pattern against environmental and clinical strains. Analysis of plasmid demonstrated that three environmental strains contained both plasmids of 140 Mda and 62 Mda. On the other hand, another three strains, one environmental and two clinical isolate only contained 140 Mda plasmid. All the plasmid containing strains (140 Mda and 62 Mda) exhibited same type of drug resistance pattern, whereas strains containing the 140 Mda plasmid only did not show similar type of resistance pattern. Therefore, no correlation was found between plasmid containing strains and drug resistance. Four environmental strains were also found to be positive for the class I integron and one clinical isolated was positive for class I integron gene conferring resistance to common antibiotics. However, none of the strains were found to contain class II integron. Therefore, the present study demonstrated that both environmental and clinical strains contain both large to middle size plasmids and integron I but not integron II. The plasmid and integron I containing strains experienced resistance to different antibiotics, used in the experiments.

Molecular Detection of Multidrug Resistant Salmonella Species Isolated from Broiler Farm in Bangladesh

“…Moreover, a study in Bangladesh, detected resistance genes in E. coli and Salmonella from dairy farms [29]. Another study detected integrons in Salmonella from chicken feces [30]. Therefore, we investigated the prevalence of resistance genes including integrons responsible for multidrug resistance in S. enterica serovar Typhimurium in broiler farms using different sample types (cloacal swabs, litter and feed).…”

Seasonal Health Risks Due to Zoonotic Pathogens from Hand-dug Well Water in Ohangwena and Omusati Regions of Namibia

“…10 Among the pathogens identified in this study, E. coli is well documented as a potential source and assimilator of AMR plasmids/genes from the environment, and can disseminate genetic determinants thereby serving as a reservoir for transmissible resistance. 10 Zoonotic pathogens detected in this study known to express multidrug resistance genes include Escherichia, 42 Klebsiella, 43 Enterobacter, 44 Salmonella, 45 and Pseudomonas. 46 Hence, the high numbers of zoonotic bacterial pathogens in this study signalled the possible upsurge of antibiotic resistant bacterial strains.…”

A Review of Poultry Product as a Source of Spreading Multidrug Resistant Salmonella: Public Health Importance

“…Class I integrons with a high detection frequency were also found among multidrug resistant Salmonella which have conserved regions (5'-CS and 3'-CS) with a gene cassette in them (Gharieb et al, 2015). Integrons are known to play an important role in the spread of antimicrobial resistance Salmonella (McMillan et al, 2019) (Begum et al, 2016) (Lamas et al, 2016) through site-specific recombination to transfer resistance genes between defined sites (Partridge et al, 2018). Class I integrons carry aadA resistance determinants (streptomycinspectomycin), trimethoprim (Sultan et al, 2018).…”