Antibiotic resistance patterns of Escherichia coli isolates from different aquatic environmental sources in Leon, Nicaragua

Abstract

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria have emerged due to the selective pressure of antimicrobial use in humans and animals. Water plays an important role in dissemination of these organisms among humans, animals and the environment. We studied the antibiotic resistance patterns among 493 Escherichia coli isolates from different aquatic environmental sources collected from October 2008 to May 2009 in León, Nicaragua. High levels of antibiotic resistance were found in E. coli isolates in hospital sewage water and in eight of 87 well-water samples. Among the resistant isolates from the hospital sewage, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole was the most common multi-resistance profile. Among the resistant isolates from the wells, 19% were resistant to ampicillin, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, nalidixic acid and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole. E. coli producing ESBL and harbouring bla(CTX-M) genes were detected in one of the hospital sewage samples and in 26% of the resistant isolates from the well-water samples. The bla(CTX-M-9) group was more prevalent in E. coli isolates from the hospital sewage samples and the bla(CTX-M-1) group was more prevalent in the well-water samples.

The Human Gut Microbiome as a Transporter of Antibiotic Resistance Genes between Continents

“…We found no link between increased resistance abundance and the use of antimalaria agents but acknowledge that our study might be too small for detecting such an effect. Another reason for enrichment of resistance genes may be ingestion of resistant bacteria through food (52) or contaminated water (53)(54)(55) or by close contact with an environment containing antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The culture results provide support for the conclusion that bacteria carrying resistance genes were indeed taken up during travel, as ESBL-producing bacteria were detected by culture in only 1 of 35 individuals before travel while 12 of 18 students carried E. coli with the CTX-M-15 gene after their return from the Indian peninsula.…”

Prevalence of CTX-M beta-Lactamases in Escherichia coli from community-acquired urinary tract infections and associated risk factors among women in Cameroon

“…Water certainly promotes the circulation of Enterobacteriaceae strains (be they resistant or not). [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] Moreover, access to drinking water is not properly insured in many parts of the city. As such, Enterobacteriaceae from stools can easily affect many people through contaminated water.…”

“…A study carried out by De Boeck in Kinshasa (Central Africa ) revealed the presence of ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae in drinking water [26] and another study revealed the presence of E. coli in rivers and wells. [21] In a village community in South Guyana, it was also proven that even in the absence of a strong antibiotic pressure, promiscuity promoted the circulation of resistant strains and thus increased the prevalence of carrying them. [27] The uncontrolled consumption of antibiotics may promote the selection of E. coli strains producing ESBL, which usually results in the empirical prescription for self-medication, poor adherence of patients to antibiotic therapy, the quality of antibiotics (generic under dosed) and the questionable preservation (street drugs).…”

Antibiogram of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Pseudomonas</i> Strains Isolated from Wastewater Generated by an Abattoir as It Journeys into a Receiving River

“…Danishta et al [26], Amaya et al [27] and Galvin et al [28] all reported the occurrence of E. coli in wastewater obtained from environmental, hospital and other sources in various parts of the globe. The occurrence of E. coli in this study confirmed their reports that Escherichia coli and other bacterial strains are frequently encountered in wastewater samples.…”