Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Clinical Isolates - <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Enterobacter</i>, <i>Pseudomonas</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> in the Western of Bangladesh

Abstract

The present study was carried out to analyze the antibiotic susceptibility of four pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus aureus respectively. Escherichia coli strains from 35 samples, Staphylococcusaureus strains from 35 samples, Enterobacter strains from 39 samples and Pseudomonas strains from 39 samples were isolated from 200 suspected infected individuals. Pure cultures of isolate were done by isolating single colony from the stored bacteria. Identification of strains were confirmed by various microscopic, colonial and biochemical tests. Finally identified four varieties of pathogenic strains Escherichia coli, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus aureus were subjected to the antibiotic sensitivity test by antibiotic disc diffusion method. Approximately 15 commonly used antibiotics were used in the tests. For this study it was observed that 94% of Escherichia coli were resistant to Cefixime, 86% to Cefuroxime Sodium, 77% to Ceftriaxone, 71% to Ceftazidime, 66% to Amoxycillin-Clavulanic acid and Ciprofloxacin, 63% to Levofloxacin, 57% to Doxycycline, 49% to Co-trimoxazole andonly 37% to Gentamicin. No Escherichia coli samples were found resistant against Meropenem having highest sensitivity (100%). Only 7 Escherichia coli samples were resistant to Amikacin having sensitivity 80% and 10 Escherichia coli samples were resistant to Nitrofurantion with the third highest sensitivity 71%. Staphylococcus aureus were observed to show maximum resistant (100%) towards Azithromycin, next to Ceftriaxone 74%, Ciprofloxacin and Oxacillin 71%, Co-trimoxazole 63%, Levofloxacin 57% and Amoxycillin-Clavulanic acid 49%. Only 5 Staphylococcus aureus samples were resistant to Gentamicin with a maximum sensitivity 86% and 7 Staphylococcus aureus samples were resistant to Amikacin having second highest sensitivity 80% and third highest sensitivity Cephalexin 63%. Enterobactor showedmaximum resistant towards Amoxycillin-Clavunic acid 100%, Cefixime 100%, Ceftadizime 100%, Ceftriaxone 95%, Amikacin 85%, Co-trimoxazole 79%, Ciprofloxacine 77%, Doxycyclin 72%, Gentamicin51%, Levofloxacin 46%, and Nitrofurantion 41%. There were found to be no Enterobacter Samples that resistant to Meropenem having highest sensitivity (100%). Only 16 Entarobacter samples were resistant to Nitrofurantion having second highest sensitivity59% and third highest sensitivity Levofloxacin 54%. Pseudomonus were observed to maximum resistant towards Amoxicillin 100%, Ceftazidime 100%, Cefixime 100%, Doxycycline 100%, Co-trimoxazole 100%, Ciprofloxacin 83%, Ceftriaxone 83%, Levofloxacin 83%, Nitrofurantion 83%, and Amikacin 67%. There were found to be no Pseudomonus Samples that resistant to Meropenem having highest sensitivity (100%). Only 13 Pseudomonus samples were resistant to Gentamicin with a maximumsensitivity 67%.