Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Bacterial Isolates from Post- Tracheostomised Patients Attending Tertiary Care Hospital in Nepal

Abstract

The bacterial profile and their drug susceptibility pattern was studied in post-tracheostomised patients admitted in National Institute of Neurological and Allied Sciences. Identification of organisms was done by standard microbiological techniques and antibiogram was performed by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method according to Clinical and Laboratory standard (CLSI) guidelines. Significant growth was observed in 58.6% samples with polymicrobial growth in 19.5% samples among the total positive cultures. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the predominant organism (34.2%) followed by Acinetobacter spp. (31.8%), Escherichia coli (8.9%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (6.0%), Citrobacter fruendii (5.6%), Klebsiella oxytoca (4.0%), Providencia spp. and Staphylococcus aureus (2.8% each), Proteus mirabilis (2.4%) and Proteus vulgaris (1.2%) . More than 90% of Gram negative bacterial isolates were found resistant to Ampicillin, Cefixime, Cephotaxime. The most effective drugs against S. aureus were Vancomycin, Rifampicin, Amoxycillin and Clavulanic acid showing 100% sensitivity. Highest resistance rate was observed for Ampicillin (85.71%) and low for Gentamicin (14.28%). Findings of this study show emerging threat of multidrug resistant bacteria. Thus, periodic monitoring and assessing drug susceptibility pattern of bacteria and rational use of antibiotics in post tracheostomised patients were recommended.

Antibiotic Resistance, Biofilm Formation and Detection of mexA/mexB Efflux-Pump Genes Among Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Nepal

“…This study documented its growth in 21.4% of total clinical specimens. Different studies conducted in Nepal reported its growth rate of 13-58% in clinical specimens (29)(30)(31). The prevalence of P. aeruginosa in this study was 5.14% which is in tune with the studies done in Nepal (32,33); however, the prevalence rate is lower than the previous studies done in Nepal (34), India (35) and Egypt (36).…”

Bacterial Etiology of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid in Tertiary Care Patients and Antibiogram of the Isolates

“…A high prevalence of P. aeruginosa in cases of pulmonary infection is due to its easy distribution in the air via any environmental sources like soil and water. Along with this, the transmission of bacteria is aided by the cough aerosols of other infectious patients (Woo et al, 2018;Thapa et al, 2016).…”

When Micro Drives the Macro: A Fresh Look at Disease and its Massive Contributions in the Hindu Kush-Himalaya

“…Antibiotic resistance has been one of the biggest threats for environmental, public, and veterinary health resulting in the failure of treatment, cost of treatment, and the increase in morbidity and mortality of the MS in Nepal (Thapa et al 2016;Baral et al 2013;Belbase et al 2017). This issue is evidenced by identification of the resistivity of one or more antibiotic/s to Acinetobacter, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, E. coli, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Pseudomonas, Vibrio cholerae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, S. pyogenes, Shigella spp., S. typhi, S. paratyphi A, Salmonella species, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, in clinical, subclinical, veterinary, and environmental samples (Lamichhane et al 2014;Chaudhary et al 2017;Rijal et al 2017;Bansal et al 2015;Dhakal et al 2007).…”