Antibiotic resistance of faecal coliforms in hospital and city sewage in Galway

Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing Bacteria in Waste Water Alexandria, Egypt

“…This has not been confirmed as studies of ESBL genes in wastewater have only been directed at detection of its presence and description of its genetic background and a direct link between the presence of resistant bacteria in waste water and the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance has not been established [4]- [30]. In Egypt more than half the population does not have access to waste water treatment facilities.…”

Enumeration and Characterization of Antimicrobial-Resistant Escherichia coli Bacteria in Effluent from Municipal, Hospital, and Secondary Treatment Facility Sources

“…Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria may be discharged into the environment from human sources (hospital and municipal effluent) and agricultural sources (15,16). There is considerable potential for dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant organisms and resistant determinants from such sources through contamination of food and water (5,11).…”

“…Previous reports have shown that antimicrobial-resistant strains of bacteria are present in various effluents, such as hospital effluent discharge (8,10,16,21), inflow effluent to a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) (15), and outflow-treated effluent from a wastewater treatment plant (2,12,13,18,27). A wastewater treatment plant treating effluent from hospitals may be associated with discharge of relatively high levels of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli compared with those of a plant treating municipal effluent that does not include hospital effluent discharge (22).…”

Global trends in the research and development of medical/pharmaceutical wastewater treatment over the half-century

“…This change indicates that early research in the field focused on the sources and transport of drug-containing wastewater, and then shifted towards the accurate identification of ECs and the development of new technologies for their treatment. In 1981, three articles reported on microbial resistance in hospital and municipal sewage ( Minier et al, 1981 ; Monaghan and Collerant, 1981 ; Peou et al, 1981 ), and Peou came to an important conclusion: Compared with municipal sewage, microbial indicators in hospital sewage were more resistant to certain antibiotics ( Peou et al, 1981 ). The first article from China in 1992 also conducted a comparative study of hospital wastewater and industrial wastewater ( Yunping, 1992 ).…”